In Defense of Chatrooms Essay -- Technology Internet Computers Papers

In defence of ChatroomsWith the advent of the Internet, fewer wad are using the telephone or postal system as media of interactive communication exchanges due to their specific uses and limitations. period the former does not allow one to chat with several others from all over the world at the same time and at a reasonable cost, the latter is handicapped by its time-consuming nature. Replacing the two mediums is a fast and rising newcomer, chatrooms, which offer an unprecedented fortune to interact effectively, cheaply and widely, with multiple individuals at a time and in faraway places too. Chatrooms are definitely not meant as a utopia and in fact, they ass be a serious menace when people exploit them through verbal, psychological abuse or worse, physical abuse. Despite the dangers which can be minimize through self-discipline and parental guidance, chatrooms are suitable places for developing the self lovingly, mentally and culturally, as well as shaping the character trai ts of the self. Being social creatures, we are born into social environments (to) discover and look the world through social discourse, (to) come to know ourselves through interpersonal experience (Leitenberg, 325). Such fundamental requirements are met when one chats online by typing instead than by talking, for example, through Internet Relay Chat (IRC), which attracts people from Finland, Australia, South Africa, Italy, the straighten outherlands, Austria, Iceland... and that is only a try of some of the geographical areas represented on the Net (Reiner & Blanton, xvi). The diversity in the nationalities, ages, occupations and personalities of IRC users tends to give the self a global orientation since one is able to navigate to other countries an... ...Harold. Handbook of social and evaluation apprehension (New York Plenum entreat), 1990 Pyra, Marianne. Using Internet Relay Chat (USA Que Corporation), 1995 Reiner, Diane & Keith Blanton. Person to person on the Internet (London Academic Press Limited), 1997. Reuters, AP. Victims of Net stalkers cry for help, The Straits multiplication (world), action 30th 2000, p 6. Sia, Cheong Yew. What is your child up to in cyberspace?http//web3.asia1.com.sg/archive/st/1/opin/opin2_0428.html Tapscott, D. maturement up digital The rise of the net extension (New York Mc Graw-Hill), 1997. Weiss, Ann E. Virtual Reality A door to cyberspace (Canada Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd), 1996. Whittle, David B. Cyberspace The Human Dimension (New York WH freeman & Co), 1996. Wong, Karen. Jail for chatline pimp, The Straits Times (prime news), March 23rd 2000, p 2. In Defense of Chatrooms Essay -- Technology Internet Computers PapersIn Defense of ChatroomsWith the advent of the Internet, fewer people are using the telephone or postal system as media of interactive communication exchanges due to their specific uses and limitations. While the former does not allow one to chat with several others from all over t he world simultaneously and at a reasonable cost, the latter is handicapped by its time-consuming nature. Replacing the two mediums is a fast and rising newcomer, chatrooms, which offer an unprecedented opportunity to interact effectively, cheaply and widely, with multiple individuals at a time and in faraway places too. Chatrooms are definitely not meant as a utopia and in fact, they can be a serious menace when people exploit them through verbal, psychological abuse or worse, physical abuse. Despite the dangers which can be minimized through self-discipline and parental guidance, chatrooms are suitable places for developing the self socially, mentally and culturally, as well as shaping the character traits of the self. Being social creatures, we are born into social environments (to) discover and explore the world through social discourse, (to) come to know ourselves through interpersonal experience (Leitenberg, 325). Such basic requirements are met when one chats online by typing rather than by talking, for example, through Internet Relay Chat (IRC), which attracts people from Finland, Australia, South Africa, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, Iceland... and that is only a sampling of some of the geographical areas represented on the Net (Reiner & Blanton, xvi). The diversity in the nationalities, ages, occupations and personalities of IRC users tends to give the self a global orientation since one is able to navigate to other countries an... ...Harold. Handbook of social and evaluation anxiety (New York Plenum Press), 1990 Pyra, Marianne. Using Internet Relay Chat (USA Que Corporation), 1995 Reiner, Diane & Keith Blanton. Person to person on the Internet (London Academic Press Limited), 1997. Reuters, AP. Victims of Net stalkers cry for help, The Straits Times (world), March 30th 2000, p 6. Sia, Cheong Yew. What is your child up to in cyberspace?http//web3.asia1.com.sg/archive/st/1/opin/opin2_0428.html Tapscott, D. Growing up digital The rise of the net ge neration (New York Mc Graw-Hill), 1997. Weiss, Ann E. Virtual Reality A door to cyberspace (Canada Fitzhenry & Whiteside Ltd), 1996. Whittle, David B. Cyberspace The Human Dimension (New York WH Freeman & Co), 1996. Wong, Karen. Jail for chatline pimp, The Straits Times (prime news), March 23rd 2000, p 2.

A Modern Macbeth :: essays research papers

A Modern MacbethWhen looking back on the recent decades or even wear week, it is not difficult to find a Macbeth-like figure in mainstream American culture. In this it is meant that these individuals experience a downfall in an attempt to gain power. atomic number 53 such figure was former President Richard Nixon.Nixon was long associated with American politics before his fall from grace. He was along time senator before finally organism elected president in 1968. During his first term, his United States went through the Vietnam War and a period of economic inflation. In 1972 he was easily re-elected over populist nominee George McGovern. Almost unnoticed during his campaign was the arrest of five men connected with Nixons re-election committee. They had broken into the Democrats national head quarters in the Watergate flat tire complex, in Washington D.C. They attempted to steal documents and place wire taps on the telephones. By March of 1973, through a federal inquiry, it had been brought to light that the burglars had connections with amply government officials and Nixons closest aids. Despite Nixon and his lawyers best efforts, it was shown that the president had participated in the Watergate cover-up. On August 8, 1974 Nixon announced, without admitting guilt, that he would resign. He left the Oval Office the conterminous day an obvious fall from grace.So how does this former leader of the free world compare to Macbeth? Before they achieved their positions of power to govern or rule all, two Nixon and Macbeth spent many years being heavily respected amongst their peers. Nixon spent many years as a respected congressman and Macbeth as a soldier and Thane of Glamis. They used the way people viewed them to their advantage to gain a position of power. Nixon used his experience to get him elected president. Macbeth was made Thane of Cawdor and eventually king. erst they both ascended to their respected roles they did whatever it took to protect themsel ves from any possible threats. Nixon cheated by trying to steal opponents campaign secrets thus giving him an unfair advantage.

New York State Accounting Code of Ethics Essay -- essays research pape

New York State Accounting Code of EthicsThe accounting system is constantly changing. During these changes, it is important for accountants to adhere to the broad(prenominal) ethical standards that they have always lived by. Adhering to the high ethical standards is an accountants obligation to the public, the profession, and themselves. An accountants ethical conduct usually lies within four different areas. This includes competence, confidentiality, integrity, and objectivity. NYSSCPA.ORG states, Members also have a continuing responsibility to cooperate with each other to improve the art of accounting, maintain the publics confidence, and carry out the professions special responsibilities for self-governance, (Article 1). New York State expects its accountants to act in a way that will serve the public interest. The public includes clients, credit grantors, governments, employers, investors, the business and financial community, and any other person that relies on the information provided by the accountant. It is the accountants responsibility to maintain an appropriate level of professional competence through continuing education of their knowledge and skills. New York State also expects its accountants to perform their duties in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, as well as providing clear and complete reports.It is important for accountants to maintain their integrity. Often times, accountants are faced with situations that are questionable. ...

View Advertising Tracking Devices with Caution Essay -- Business Priva

In todays society, one can see that bring in a person has become much easier with the technology advances that have been developed. When most people think of tracking devices they primarily think of negative issues, but that has all changed now. A tracking device the size of a tic tack that can be surgically implanted to provide a tamper proof means of identification, enhance e-business security, locating lost or missing individuals, monitoring heart rate, vital signs, tracking of the elderly, the location of valuable property, and monitoring the medical conditions of at risk patients. With ad companies, tracking device software is used to allow the customers information on the status of package, delivery address, and the person that signed for the package. However, raisers could use that private information to their expediency and try to sell that person more frivolous objects or pass that information to another advertisement company. Tracking devices can be marketed toward othe r companies that advertise luxury cars or other industrial goods, but when those companies buy that product, they will be put in a purchasing list and the company that sell that product will suffer track of that particular company and try to sell more goods. Cookies are used by internet shopping sites to keep track of what is being purchased by that person who is on that site, but used as a device for tracking browsing and buying habits of individual blade users. Through the analytical view of cause and effect of internet cookies and tracking devices, one can understand the good qualities, but dangerous misuses of having a tracking chip in the advertising world. Despite the flaws of a tracking device, there are many reasons why advertisers are ... ...the controversies are. Basically, the issue involving tracking devices may overhaul to a person using one for security or interrogative purposes or use one for their own perverted or invasive pleasure. In conclusion, one should not take tracking devices lightly.Works CitedLewen, Todd. Chips High Tech Aids or Tracking Tools? www.usatoday.com. folk 3,2008Newlyn, Korbin. GPS Tracking Devices- Teens vs. Parents, Law Enforcement vs. Invasion ofPrivacy. www.buzzle.com. September 15, 2008New Campaigns. B to B 86. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008Bowes, Elena. Rita A Highly Competent Secretary, Helps Deliver Fiscal Health to UPS. Advertising epoch International (December 1999). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008.Internet Cookies. www.ciac.org. October 1, 2008

Job Satisfaction Essay -- essays research papers

Job Satisfaction Do people really like their jobs? Definitely, e genuinelyone knows from the news about dis quenched workers going on strike or pull down acting violently toward their supervisors, directors, but overall people are quite satisfied with their jobs. A Conference Board study found that 58.6 percent of Americans were satisfied with their jobs in 1995. By the year 2000, that percentage was down to 50.7.But in Uzbekistan (the country of Central Asia where I was born), people generally arent satisfied with their job. The power lays in lack of job choices and payment. People do their job without any satisfaction because they have to earn some money to survive. I think that the master(prenominal) reasons why the people in Uzbekistan are not satisfied with the work they do are the absence of good knowledge of management in the organizations and corruption. As we got knowledge from the Organizational behavior course, we know that job satisfaction influences on employee perfor mance within the organization and organizations productivity in the whole. So lets see what is job satisfaction and what factors can influence it. Job Satisfactionis an individuals general attitude toward his or her job, or the feelings, reflecting attitudes toward ones job, are known as job satisfaction. Settings, related to the personnel job satisfaction and devotion to the company, are presenting special interest for the speculation of organizational behavior and practice of human resource management.A parole of the job satisfaction problem concentrates attention on the employees attitude toward their job, and a discussion of organization devotion on the attitude toward the organization in the whole.What is job satisfaction once more?Lock gives a following detail comment of job satisfaction pleasant, positive emotional condition coming from your job evaluation or job experience.1 Job satisfaction is a moment of the very employees perception of the fact for how much their job provides important, from their viewpoint, things. There are three most important parameters of job satisfaction. First, job satisfaction represents emotional reaction for the situation lay at the office. Its impossible to see it, it can be only experienced. Second, job satisfaction is defined often by that fulfilment how much results of work correspond to expectations. For... ...h their job. The results of researches show that employees experiencing job satisfaction feeling with their job possess better physical and moral health, master faster needful skills, more rarely suffer from industrial traumatism and come with claims. Another positive factor disclosed in one recent research is that employees satisfied with their agitate more often demonstrate examples of pro-social, civilized behavior and deeds, for instance more frequent assist their colleagues and clients and in common exert inclination to co-operation.13In the very whole overview researches occupied in a sphere of o rganization behavior equally with managers-practicians consider that labor enjoyment is very important for organization. Some critics label that this statement still a conjecture, insofar, positive affect of labor contentment still little researched. On other hand, negative impact of labor contentment on organization is unquestionably acknowledged fact. That is why even if consider job satisfaction as a minimal claim, it represents a certain tax for the whole health and efficacy of organization and, therefore, deserves study and utilizing in sphere of organizational behavior.

Job Satisfaction Essay -- essays research papers

Job Satisfaction Do people really like their jobs? Definitely, e reallyone knows from the news about dis at rest workers going on strike or tear down acting violently toward their supervisors, directors, but overall people are quite satisfied with their jobs. A Conference Board study found that 58.6 percent of Americans were satisfied with their jobs in 1995. By the year 2000, that percentage was down to 50.7.But in Uzbekistan (the country of Central Asia where I was born), people generally arent satisfied with their job. The precedent lays in lack of job choices and payment. People do their job without any satisfaction because they have to earn some money to survive. I think that the principal(prenominal) reasons why the people in Uzbekistan are not satisfied with the work they do are the absence of good knowledge of management in the organizations and corruption. As we got knowledge from the Organizational behavior course, we know that job satisfaction influences on employee per formance within the organization and organizations productivity in the whole. So lets see what is job satisfaction and what factors can influence it. Job Satisfactionis an individuals general attitude toward his or her job, or the feelings, reflecting attitudes toward ones job, are known as job satisfaction. Settings, related to the personnel job satisfaction and devotion to the company, are presenting special interest for the theory of organizational behavior and practice of human resource management.A news of the job satisfaction problem concentrates attention on the employees attitude toward their job, and a discussion of organization devotion on the attitude toward the organization in the whole.What is job satisfaction once more?Lock gives a following detail exposition of job satisfaction pleasant, positive emotional condition coming from your job evaluation or job experience.1 Job satisfaction is a case of the very employees perception of the fact for how much their job pr ovides important, from their viewpoint, things. There are three most important parameters of job satisfaction. First, job satisfaction represents emotional chemical reaction for the situation lay at the office. Its impossible to see it, it can be only experienced. Second, job satisfaction is defined often by that design how much results of work correspond to expectations. For... ...h their job. The results of researches show that employees experiencing job satisfaction feeling with their job possess better physical and moral health, master faster needed skills, more rarely suffer from industrial traumatism and come with claims. Another positive factor disclosed in one recent research is that employees satisfied with their take more often demonstrate examples of pro-social, civilized behavior and deeds, for instance more frequent assist their colleagues and clients and in common exert inclination to co-operation.13In the very whole overview researches occupied in a sphere of orga nization behavior equally with managers-practicians consider that labor rejoicing is very important for organization. Some critics distinguish that this statement still a conjecture, insofar, positive affect of labor contentment still little researched. On other hand, negative impact of labor contentment on organization is unquestionably acknowledged fact. That is why even if consider job satisfaction as a minimal claim, it represents a certain take to be for the whole health and efficacy of organization and, therefore, deserves study and utilizing in sphere of organizational behavior.

Addiction for Plastic Surgeries Essay

Plastic surgical procedure is a medical field that deals with reshaping or so tree trunk deformities that may live occurred due to birth defects or accidents. It is also used for early(a) purposes such as treating indispositions and beauty purposes. An example of a disease which can be treated through charge plate surgical procedure is melanoma. If ductile operating room is carried out for younger notes or beauty purposes, it is referred to as cosmetic surgery. This publisher will directly address the issue of cosmetic surgery since it is what has caused plastic surgeries colony all over the world.See more Recruitment and selection mathematical process essay ornamental surgeries ar never related to any medical condition and are normally done to enhance the physical appearance of an individual. augmentative surgery addicts are easily identifiable due to the numerous surgeries they undergo each time claiming that they are not happy with their looks. Many victims of cos metic surgery suffer from a medical condition known as Body Dimorphic Disorder (BDD). This mental disorder has made heap imagine that they look different from others and there is a need for surgery so that they can improve their looks. DiscussionCosmetic surgery is a major problem nowadays as a number of pack who are addicted to it are doing it repeatedly in order to achieve their imaginary beauty. This practice is becoming frequent and in many instances it is affecting women as they try to change and improve their physical appearances. The problem with such kind of people only exists in their judging because it is hard to view yourself as being ugly from others, it is only a perception. If you view yourself as being ugly from others, the problem will never polish off even if you undergo so many plastic surgeries.This perception will directly influence the level of your happiness and accepting yourself the way you are. The practices of undergoing plastic surgery repeatedly in order to chance happy and look like the ones you view as more beautiful than yourself is what doctors refer to as BDD. This condition normally affects both male and females under the age of 18 equally (Gorbis, 2003). large number suffering from BDD use plastic surgery as a solution to their unadulterated dissatisfaction with their body physical appearance (Gorbis, 2003).Almost all people who suffer from BDD seek solution to cosmetic surgery. As a surgeon, you should be able to witness someone suffering from this medical condition and recommend him/her to a psychologist. Any invention has both positive and negative sides but plastic surgery addiction would cause more harm to the body compared to the benefits associated with it. For instance, it can misuse the skin and muscle tissue of an individual permanently. Another well-known harm caused by plastic surgery addiction is the permanent nerve damage.This may result to permanent loss of feeling and sensation in all the affected a reas of an individual who rush undergone plastic surgery repeatedly. Many individuals who undergo plastic surgery repeatedly to perfect their physical appearances in most cases end up with irreversible damage that make them look awful compared to their original appearances. Plastic surgery addiction cause more harm to the physical appearance of people with BDD instead of enhancing it. People suffering from BDD undergo plastic surgery so that they can attract attention from the public. They later regret when things go wrong.This is an indication that it should be discouraged and people suffering from BDD should be referred to a Psychiatrist or psychologist instead of a surgeon. Plastic surgery is not cost friendly at all. The operation is very expensive and its outcomes are sometimes not worth the price. What the addicted victims fail to understand is that, plastic surgery operation can only result to ii things. That is, a great success or a failure. This means that, the more oper ations you undergo, the higher the risk of failure (Pruitt, 2009). Many individuals who are addicted to plastic surgery are attracted by what they see in the media.They watch successful surgeries of famous celebrities and think that it might as well work on. This is not usually the case and the individuals we watch on the media having successful surgeries sometimes develop problems at a later date. Plastic surgery addiction is very different from drugs and other things addiction in that it fulfills people physiological needs. Therefore, it is normally difficult for individuals who are not satisfied with their physical appearance to stop plastic surgery. This is something they are screening in the mirror now and then.If they are not satisfied with what they see, they will definitely run to a surgeon so that the body part they feel is not well placed can be rectified. The problem with such an individual is that he/she is likely not to be satisfied with many body parts. Thus, resultin g to a series of plastic surgeries so as to be satisfied with his/her physical appearance. In my opinion, I would only recommend plastic surgery to individuals who have a medical problem. I would never encourage cosmetic surgery because it is doing more harm than enhancing appearance of individuals who are undertaking it.Most people who are addicted to cosmetic surgeries perceive themselves in the wrong manner. They normally have their imaginary images on their minds which they think they can turn to after the operation. This normally does not happen and that is why they undergo so many operations before they realize they are destroying their images. Plastic surgery should only be carried out under medical conditions not for pleasure. Pictures are all over the internet showing how plastic surgery addiction has caused a number of celebrities to lose their good looks.Cosmetic surgery is not good at all because it has not worked well for people who have done it. They are suffering from negative impacts of plastic surgery addiction. It should be therefore be discouraged unless under medical conditions. Conclusion Plastic surgery is not bad if it is used for solving a medical condition. However, having a plastic surgery for beauty purposes or look young should be discouraged by all means. It should be discouraged because it might possibly lead to addiction. Physicians as well as public awareness concerning BDD should be increased to control the unnecessary plastic surgeries.Doctors should also try their best to strike troubled patients so that they can direct them to psychologist or psychiatrist who can advise them. There are other treatments other than surgeries which can help people who have problems with their physical appearance. Psychologist and psychiatrists can really assist individuals with plastic surgeries addiction. The only problem to the control of this addiction is that cosmetic and plastic surgery is so social and doctors have not provided a regul ation on the number of surgeries an individual should undergo in a given period.

Nominal Group Technique

Nominal Group Technique In 1968 Andre Delbecq co-developed with Andrew H. Van de Ven the Nominal Group Technique, which has diffused worldwide to become the close to widely used method of group brainstorming. ? and has been applied to adult education program planning by Vedros. ? What is the NGT? The Nominal Group Technique (NGT), is a ratiocination making method for use among groups of many sizes, who want to make their decision quickly, as by a vote, but want everyones opinions taken into account. ? There go forth be one facilitator in each group and group members. Materials we need for NGT Steps Define problem/issue as a uncertainty secernate the people into sm totally groups Brainstorm individually Evaluate vote Clarifying questions, explanations Share ideas with everyone Sum votes then get the best one. Case knowledge auntie Barbara passed away and left you a connection equal number of shares for each Amusement Park ? Office Building ? ? ? ? ? Closed during Autumn and Winter be still occur Fairly good revenues in the Summer Profit but falling year by year Machines are getting oldIn the metropolis center Rising competition New, modern offices Cheap, but cant lower the prices any more than ? No competition Case Study The company has some cash, and no outstanding debts ? Its September and you are having your first meeting as new owners ? How could the company increase its profits? Case Study Ideas ? ? Votes ? Ranks ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Pros ? ? ? ? Cons requires preparation ? for some people it might be too structured/bounded ? regulates discussion less stimulating than other techniques ? nly a single question can be discussed at a time ? ? minimizes influence of others large quantity of ideas everyone has an equal opportunity to share their ideas no judgment/criticism more satisfying to participants than other techniques When is it useful? ? ? ? ? When some group members are much more vocal than others. When there is concern about some members not participating. When all or some group members are new to the team. When some group members think better in silence.Source http//asq. org/learn-about-quality/idea-creation-tools/overview/nominal-group. html When is it useful? ? ? ? ? When the group does not considerably generate quantities of ideas. When the issue is controversial or there is heated conflict. When we want multiple alternatives for further examination When we want to prioritize the issues Source http//asq. org/learn-about-quality/idea-creation-tools/overview/nominal-group. html convey you for your attention ?

Learning Styles Essay

Having studied a sm tot exclusivelyy outcome of learn titles I entrust evaluate my own personal accomplishment name and how I can procedure this through the near three years of my life at Bucks late University. I ordain look at the most popular theories in white plague today and their evaluate in todays world. The theory of psyche learning styles began in the 1970s and developed thoroughly in the 1980s becoming to a grander extent and more popular in recent years. The use of magnetic resonance imaging scan data was added to already developing theories to understand how the brain processed learning.(Revell, P, May 05) A learning review carried out in 2004 by the attainment and Skills Research Centre revealed that there are 71 established learning style theories, a number of these are real corresponding in style. I am going to focus on 3 widely used theories methods, David Kolbs learning style poser, Honey & Mumfords Learning Style Questionnaire and Flemings VARK. (Im age) This diagram shows the oscillation of learning created by Kolb. David Kolb, began developing his Learning Style model in 1971, he then published his learning style model in 1984.The model is made of 4 learning styles assure, reflection, reflecting and readiness. In his cycle of learning Kolb describes that we allow for experience something, reflect on what happened, think how we can depart or what we can use again and then act upon this and do it again changing either mis determines we made first m round, therefore repeat the cycle. For example when learning to ride a bike you may fall off callable to striking a tree (the experience,) look at what wherefore we hit the tree, not looking up?(reflect,) think about how we can change why we throw off, look forward as we are equitation (plan) and then finally try again to ride looking forward. This cycle may repeat itself m every(prenominal) times before we exit right what we was severe to learn. Honey & Mumfords questio nnaire (IMAGE) In 1992 Peter Honey and Alan Mumford created a questionnaire for prentices to identify their learning style. The questionnaire originally consisted of 80 questions merely this has been shortened and made available with altogether 40 questions. Honey and Mumfords model is based heavily on the Kolb model only when focuses in on the in-between stages of the cycle.They agree with Kolb that all stages are crucial to learning, they suggest that some people tend to be happier with one stage of the cycle over others. (Cameron, S 1995) Honey and Mumford determined quadruple learning styles that people may like to use than trying to use the whole cycle of Kolbs model. The four stages are, activists, reflecting telescopes, theorists and pragmatists. Activists are actually open minded, will try new things without more thought, are real sociable and probably prefer group work. moreover they are likely to get blase very quickly and pass it hard to sit still for long per iods of time.Activists will most likely be the planners within the marketing industry as they conduct lots of experiences and bask overcoming obstacles, they will most likely be watched closely by the manager due to their tendencies to jump in, act and think afterwards. Reflectors are much more passive and will think in much more depth before arrive at any decisions, they will tend to take more of a back seat role and observe others. A reflective member of ply would make be good in a manager role because they think with their heads, not their heart and would therefore make decisions that are more informative.Theorists enjoy approaching problems logically and having information to back up theories. Theorists are very good at analysing data and researching in depth. They can struggle to work with activists as they act first then think whereas theorists will think (a lot) before acting. Theorist would be best at doing marketing research and analysing the information as this somethi ng they excel at. Pragmatists like the freedom of creating something new, they dont like being restricted to set ideas. They enjoy problem solving and are very hard-nosed but they do get bored very quickly.Pragmatists would be fantastic in a creative environment and therefore perfect for creating advertisements using their initiative. Flemings VARK VARK stands for Visual, Aural, translate/ preserve and Kinaesthetic. Fleming developed his theory based on previous VAK modes but added the read/write in 1987. From what I read and observed, it seemed obvious that some students had a distinct preference for the written word whilst others prefer symbolic information (Fleming, N. 2006) Flemings questionnaire has 16 question, so that people take it more seriously and do not get bored while fill up out the questionnaire.Visual learners prefer to look at images and the use of colour. When making notes a visual learner will use images, symbols and highlight key lecture with colour. When pla nning a piece of work visual learners may use mood boards and mind maps for them to get inspiration from before forming into words. Audio learners prefer to perceive to lectures or having things explained to them, they enjoy group discussions and are very good at describing visual things in great detail. Audio learners can benefit from reading aloud their notes while recording themselves.When planning for a piece of work an audio learner may find it better to speak through their ideas with a friend. scan/write learners much prefer to write eat notes and take information from text books, when breaking down statistical information they will describe any trends instead of drawing them. Read/write learners will excel at essay writing and when planning a piece of work they will write lists and notes. Kinaesthetic learners prefer to just try new things and touch things to help them learn. Field trips for the ideal for kinesthetic learners as they can take in all the information aroun d them, without acquiring bored.When completing a piece of work they will just use trial and demerit until they get it right. Without ack right offledging your own style you may encourage your team to focus on issues from a certain perspective and miss the opportunities that provide from different approaches. A team has a bodied learning style all of its own. (Haygroup) My learning style After completing the 1982 version of the Honey and Mumford questionnaire I scored Activist 6 Reflector16 Theorist15 Pragmatist 8 From these results I now understand that I prefer to step back and observe others, I require more time and information to make decisions.From previous experience I would say that I totally agree with this for example when making a decision about any expensive purchase I will always look at information about and research the best prices before making a decision. So I do regularly use the reflector and theorist styles. From completing the 13 question VARK questionnaire I hurl scored Visual1 Audio0 Read/write4 Kinaesthetic 7 From these results I can see that I am kinaesthetic learner, this contradicts my findings from the Honey and Mumford questionnaire where I found id rather observe and take in information.Where as from this VARK questionnaire I gift found that id rather use trial and error and learn using hands on methods. This contradictions surprise me as the styles are so different but I do understand that this is true to me, I do prefer to learn on my own and take in a lot of information before creating an essay but when it comes to learning how to use something new I prefer to just hold it and try it out. Conclusion From my research I realize found that more of the learning styles are very similar but are constructed in their own way and helps the learner to establish their style in its individual way.Kolbs learning theory would not be able to be broken up into sections but the Honey and Mumford theory is based on Kolbs so I can be compa red to the VARK theory I have also looked at. I do believe I can straddle these up as follows because they have very similar tendencies. Active and Visual learners like images to stimulate them. Reflectors and Audio would prefer to look back at a lecture and re-do their notes to suit them. Theorists and Read/Write learners prefer looking at information in texts. Pragmatists and kinaesthetic learners are both creative and get bored quickly.From what I have learnt form this essay and have found out about how I learn will help me study through the succeeding(prenominal) three years without me struggling or getting bored. Learning style is the way human beings take in new and/or difficult information, how they process, store and retrieve it. (Prashnig, B Debating Learning Styles) Having studied a small number of learning styles I will evaluate my own personal learning style and how I can use this through the next three years of my life at Bucks New University. I will look at the most popular theories in use today and their value in todays world.The theory of individual learning styles began in the 1970s and developed thoroughly in the 1980s becoming more and more popular in recent years. The use of MRI scan data was added to already developing theories to understand how the brain processed information. (Revell, P, May 05) A learning review carried out in 2004 by the Learning and Skills Research Centre revealed that there are 71 established learning style theories, a number of these are very similar in style. I am going to focus on 3 widely used theories methods, David Kolbs learning style model, Honey & Mumfords Learning Style Questionnaire and Flemings VARK.(Image) This diagram shows the cycle of learning created by Kolb. David Kolb, began developing his Learning Style model in 1971, he then published his learning style model in 1984. The model is made of 4 learning styles experience, reflection, reflecting and planning. In his cycle of learning Kolb describes that we will experience something, reflect on what happened, think how we can change or what we can use again and then act upon this and do it again changing any mistakes we made first time round, therefore repeating the cycle.For example when learning to ride a bike you may fall off due to hitting a tree (the experience,) look at what why we hit the tree, not looking up? (reflect,) think about how we can change why we fell off, look forward as we are riding (plan) and then finally try again to ride looking forward. This cycle may repeat itself many times before we get right what we was trying to learn. Honey & Mumfords questionnaire (IMAGE) In 1992 Peter Honey and Alan Mumford created a questionnaire for learners to identify their learning style.The questionnaire originally consisted of 80 questions but this has been shortened and made available with only 40 questions. Honey and Mumfords model is based heavily on the Kolb model but focuses in on the in-between stages of the cycle. They agree with Kolb that all stages are crucial to learning, they suggest that some people tend to be happier with one stage of the cycle over others. (Cameron, S 1995) Honey and Mumford determined four learning styles that people may prefer to use than trying to use the whole cycle of Kolbs model.The four stages are, activists, reflectors, theorists and pragmatists. Activists are very open minded, will try new things without much thought, are very sociable and probably prefer group work. However they are likely to get bored very quickly and find it hard to sit still for long periods of time. Activists will most likely be the planners within the marketing industry as they have lots of experiences and enjoy overcoming obstacles, they will most likely be watched closely by the manager due to their tendencies to jump in, act and think afterwards.Reflectors are much more passive and will think in much more depth before reaching any decisions, they will tend to take more of a back seat role and observe others. A reflective member of staff would make be good in a manager role because they think with their heads, not their heart and would therefore make decisions that are more informative. Theorists enjoy approaching problems logically and having information to back up theories. Theorists are very good at analysing data and researching in depth.They can struggle to work with activists as they act first then think whereas theorists will think (a lot) before acting. Theorist would be best at doing marketing research and analysing the information as this something they excel at. Pragmatists like the freedom of creating something new, they dont like being restricted to set ideas. They enjoy problem solving and are very practical but they do get bored very quickly. Pragmatists would be fantastic in a creative environment and therefore perfect for creating advertisements using their initiative.Flemings VARK VARK stands for Visual, Aural, Read/write and Kinaesthetic. Flemi ng developed his theory based on previous VAK modes but added the read/write in 1987. From what I read and observed, it seemed obvious that some students had a distinct preference for the written word whilst others preferred symbolic information (Fleming, N. 2006) Flemings questionnaire has 16 question, so that people take it more seriously and do not get bored while filling out the questionnaire. Visual learners prefer to look at images and the use of colour.When making notes a visual learner will use images, symbols and highlight key words with colour. When planning a piece of work visual learners may use mood boards and mind maps for them to get inspiration from before forming into words. Audio learners prefer to listen to lectures or having things explained to them, they enjoy group discussions and are very good at describing visual things in great detail. Audio learners can benefit from reading aloud their notes while recording themselves. When planning for a piece of work an a udio learner may find it better to speak through their ideas with a friend.Read/write learners much prefer to write down notes and take information from text books, when breaking down statistical information they will describe any trends instead of drawing them. Read/write learners will excel at essay writing and when planning a piece of work they will write lists and notes. Kinaesthetic learners prefer to just try new things and touch things to help them learn. Field trips for the ideal for kinaesthetic learners as they can take in all the information around them, without getting bored. When completing a piece of work they will just use trial and error until they get it right.Without acknowledging your own style you may encourage your team to focus on issues from a certain perspective and miss the opportunities that result from different approaches. A team has a collective learning style all of its own. (Haygroup) My learning style After completing the 1982 version of the Honey and Mumford questionnaire I scored Activist 6 Reflector16 Theorist15 Pragmatist 8 From these results I now understand that I prefer to step back and observe others, I require more time and information to make decisions.From previous experience I would say that I totally agree with this for example when making a decision about any expensive purchase I will always look at information about and research the best prices before making a decision. So I do regularly use the reflector and theorist styles. From completing the 13 question VARK questionnaire I have scored Visual1 Audio0 Read/write4 Kinaesthetic 7 From these results I can see that I am kinaesthetic learner, this contradicts my findings from the Honey and Mumford questionnaire where I found id rather observe and take in information.Where as from this VARK questionnaire I have found that id rather use trial and error and learn using hands on methods. This contradictions surprise me as the styles are so different but I do understand that this is true to me, I do prefer to learn on my own and take in a lot of information before creating an essay but when it comes to learning how to use something new I prefer to just hold it and try it out. Conclusion From my research I have found that many of the learning styles are very similar but are constructed in their own way and helps the learner to establish their style in its individual way.Kolbs learning theory would not be able to be broken up into sections but the Honey and Mumford theory is based on Kolbs so I can be compared to the VARK theory I have also looked at. I do believe I can pair these up as follows because they have very similar tendencies. Active and Visual learners like images to stimulate them. Reflectors and Audio would prefer to look back at a lecture and re-do their notes to suit them. Theorists and Read/Write learners prefer looking at information in texts. Pragmatists and kinaesthetic learners are both creative and get bored quickly.From what I h ave learnt form this essay and have found out about how I learn will help me study through the next three years without me struggling or getting bored. Reference List 1)Cameron, S. (2005) The business students handbook. March 2005. Essex. Pearson educated limited 2)Prashnig,B. (n. d) Debating Learning Styles http//www. creativelearningcentre. com/downloads/Debating%20LS. pdf 3)Revell,P. (May 2005) Each to their ownThe withstander http//www. guardian. co. uk/education/2005/may/31/schools. uk3 4)Fleming, N. , and Baume, D.(2006) Learning Styles Again VARKing up the right tree , Educational Developments, SEDA Ltd, Issue 7. 4, Nov. 2006, p4-7. http//www. vark-learn. com/documents/Educational%20 Developments. pdf 5)Haygroup http//www. haygroup. com/tl/Downloads/Why_People_Learn. pdf 6)Chapman,A (2005) Kolb learning styles http//www. businessballs. com/kolblearningstyles. htm 7)Kolbs learning cycle diagram http//www. ldu. leeds. ac. uk/ldu/sddu_multimedia/kolb/static_version. php 8)http/ /www. vark-learn. com/english/page. asp? p=helsheets

Behavioral study of obedience

This article represents a detailed account of the research carried show up by Stanley Miligram at Yale University. The study was set to investigate the negative / destructive side of homage. It involved more(prenominal) than 40 grown-up American volunteers representing diverse professions that ranged from laborers to great scholars. They were briefed on the research main objectives and selected to either play the role of experimenter, subject (teacher) or victim (learner).The experiment carried out in Yales laboratory required a naive subject to administer galvanizing lash gradually as a form of punishment to a victim each time the victim answered wrongly to a question. The horrify seed was graded in intervals of 15 volts with thirty such grades. Each time the victim answered wrongly the subject was at a lower place instructions from the experimenter to press a button that connected to the graduated shock generator system that increased the voltage by a margin of 15 volts. T he purpose of the study as explained by Milgram was to investigate how gentle beings respond to authority (power).Though naturally it is difficult for immorally upright person to administer electric shock to another innocent person, it was interesting when milligrams subjects went on to administer fatal shocks to the victims. This confirms that human beings are powerless and are likely to give way to authority by obeying its orders even if they are against the fundamental moral standards. Answers to reflection question about the study. The Milgram experiment consisted of three key players i. e. the experimenter, the subject, and the victim.Out of these three players it is the subject who plays the warmheartedness part of the experiment. The subjects behavior is what Milgram was looking for in his bid to study the behavior of human obedience. For instance, if a subject chooses to obey the experimenters orders and go on with administering the electric shock then he or she is being obedient but if not he or she is defying orders.According to (psychology 101, chapter 8, section 3) on obedience and power Milgrams subjects be suck ind yieldingly because of the force of following the legitimate power i. e. they are under authority from the experimenter to administer electric shocks to their victims. indeed when compared to Nazis extermination of Jews in remnant camps and gas chambers during the holocaust, their behavior is certainly not different.They both knew that it is against the prefatory human morals to apply electric shock, or murder people by gassing but they play obedient to authority. Ethically every act that brings suffering/ uncomfortability to a human being is considered inhuman however, this was not the courtship with Milgrams experiment.It would have been unethical if the subjects were in the first place forced to take part in the experiment, secondly the subjects were initially briefed on the authenticity of the electric shock the shocks could not cause permanent tissue damage. Again, though the experiment was painful its discomfort was momentary compared with its worthy scientific gains. The subjects although paid to participate in the experiment, they were ensure that the money was just for their coming to the laboratory and not what they did laterwards.This research though carried out before establishment of Ethics Review Committees it drew numerous questions regarding its personal effects to the basic ethics and morals of human beings. But going by the previous brutal actions committed to people out of blind adherence to orders, a controlled study was needed to investigate the reasons as to why German police cops contrary to their conscience murdered millions of Jews under the command of Hitler. The research was purely found on willing volunteer basis the participants were briefed on the effects of the electric shock to the victims.It is and so inclined to the advancement of worthwhile knowledge about teaching an d memory. It was conducted by reputable personnel (Yale University). The selection of participants was done fairly, and lastly the study was concluded by debriefing the participants in order to iron out any feelings of hatred on the part of the subjects and their victims. On the other hand the study had its dark side, the fact that subjects were ordered to administer electric shock to their victims which to them was morally debasing is one of the reasons many Ethics Review Committees would give out in trying to bar such an experiment.Again, the screams and groans made by victims due to extreme latent hostility are another reason these committees would give out. The research was most successful because the participants were deceived into believing that the selection of who plays subject or victim was fairly done. This was one of Milgrams trump cards of making sure that the naive participants play the part of the subject in order to increase the credibility of the findings. Further the shock generator was not a realistic one it was designed to cheat the public that indeed the victims were being shocked.However the experiment can be conducted in a more real way in order to eradicate any element of doubt. This research could have been made real by using real teachers and real learners a teacher is required to first give out strict instructions to the learners on the real consequences of answering wrongly to the given quiz. Real punishment (real electric shock or any other ethically acceptable punishment) may be administered to any wrong answer given, by doing that the learners will therefore try to obey (answer correctly or else get punished).The act of debriefing after the experiment was necessary to eradicate any ill feelings towards the subjects. They were made to guess that no real shock was administered to the victims. However this was an exercise in futility because the subjects were free to discontinue with the shock administering, if they felt it was a gainst their morals but the majority continued with the exercise. Therefore making them believe they had not administered real shocks was adding more psychological stress because they had already broken their morals and hence it was meaningless to convince them into believing.According to (Sojourners magazine, by MacNutt, Francis 2004) similarly based on Milgrams experiment, many ordinary people are afraid of being disapproved and therefore carry out acts which are incompatible with the basic moral standards. Therefore the chances of any subject defying experimenters orders are slim and therefore if I were one of the experimenters I would not hesitate but would have carried on with the electric shocking business. A more solid explanation to this is the case a confident businessman who almost succumbed to tension went ahead and put to death all the experimenters orders.Psychology generally deals with peoples behavior some extreme behaviors were exhibited by morally upright people e . g. the perpetration of mass flogging of Jews during the holocaust, the Hoffling hospital case whereby nurses ejected lethal doses of a fictional drug to their patients (Hofling C. K et al, 1966). Such behaviors needed to be studied in order to arrive at a generalization, therefore Milgrams study was fundamental to social psychology, a study that investigates how people influence the beliefs, feelings, and behaviors of others.The study findings gave a basis to many generalizations that makes up the core pillars of psychology. Again, the findings of this study are of great relevance to todays human beings actions other studies continue to be done with great reference to this study. For instance, obedience and power a sub section of greater social psychology branch of psychology, draws its relevance from Milgrams findings (psychology 101, chapter 8, section 3).This carefully executed study shoot down a very loaded message to numerous questions asked by people of sound reasoning on morals on why German army corps unquestioningly obeyed Hitlers orders by gassing millions of Jews, whether Germans are different from other people, why catholic bishops stressed obedience to Caesar and Christ among other questions. The answer to these questions was that human being are bound to behave obediently to orders given by people whom they identify with, and whom they perceive to hold a legitimate position higher(prenominal) than them.Conclusions Milgrams research on obedience to power is a milestone to the general study of psychology however the study was purely based on a volunteer and wiling basis. This serves to discredit the studys credibility, because the experimenters, subjects and victims are under no imminent consequence should they choose to defy the orders. For instance 14 subjects defied orders after their victims literally refused to respond to questions.However, the major objective of the research was adequately achieved, although those participants who faile d to play obedience negatively affected the full achievement of those objectives. Further deceiving the participants was not a strong point towards the overall credibility of the study Milgram could have provided a more real study with a morally acceptable punishment e. g. the case of Hoffling hospital (Hofling C. K et al, 1966).ReferencesPsychology 101, Obedience and power, available at http//allpsych. com/psychology101/obedience_power. html, accessed on October 17, 2008Sojourners magazine, by MacNutt, Francis 2004, available at http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa4010/is_200410/ai_n9441346, accessed on October 17, 2008.Behavior Study of obedience, by Milgram, Stanley, available at http//www. wadsworth. com/psychology_d/templates/student_resources/0155060678_rathus/ps/ps01. html, accessed on October 17, 2008.Hofling CK et al. (1966) An Experimental study of Nurse-Physician Relationships. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 141171-180.

Improving Performance and Productivity in a Pharmaceutical Company through Total Quality Management Essay

The high technology pharmaceutical company needs organizational change to improve its quality of performance and increase productivity because the adoption of mature manufacturing technology (AMT) is costlier than training and replacing skilled workers (Sargent, 1997), and it requires large resource base, a good reputation and wide experience and contacts that often lack a unwavering technical base (Bessant & Rush 1995, p. 07). Total quality management (TQM) approach is recommended to make the company improve and standardize its process through collaborative erudition (Adler, 1993), enhance employee expertise and knowledge (Kirkman, Lowe, & Young, 1998), and help the company increase its production volume and quality (Lawler, 1994).TQM makes quality control an inherent part of the production concern and checking is achieved either through automatic monitoring systems or by training the operator in quality monitoring (Doyle, 2002, p. 174). It involves management practices that enc ourage employees to be much responsible in ensuring the quality of the products or services and their overall performance for the companys competitive advantage (Dean & Bowen, 1994).Changes should be made to attain the objectives of TQM such(prenominal) as (1) implementation of cross-training and skill-based program to promote cross-functional teams, help employees develop skills and enhance knowledge, and motivate them with rewards like cash and flexible work scheduling (2) commitment to the value of quality and service in set to keep a long term customer partnership (3) innovation of product design in order to attract more customers and meet their demands (4) ensuring effective data and records management application to secure and make information accessible and reliable (5) improvement of the quality of backing management with suppliers and dealers and (6) enhancing top managements performance efficiency, commitment, and flexibility in decision-making and human resources manag ement.

Ethical Business in Global Trade Essay

Ethical Business in Global Trade conception Ethics can be defined as the well founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to the society, fairness or specific virtues (Manuel et al., 2010) In relation to Human labor, Auret van Heerden (2010) says that employers should treat employees like Human beings. Violation of human rights in the global food string amounts to wrong business practices. Employees working for excess hours, companies employing children below the International Labor Organization required age, employees being paid peanuts and guard duty measures for employees not being maintained to vacate injuries are some of the unethical practices related to global chain The role of the governments in the supply chain is to ensure that the rights of workers who work hard in issue of raw materials and preparation of the final products are maintained (Auret, V.H. 2010). These governments are a lso placed with a duty to ensure that the safety of the products is maintained. This is possible with establishment of a code of conduct to govern operations of the companies involved in the global food chains. Frequent Inspection should be conducted with stiff penalties to companies that violate the human rights and safety measures of the product. Management of a global market presents a challenge due to involvement of many governments. While the USA may have well located down measures and regulations for ethical business practices of these companies, other countries in the global food chain may not have them. Some countries avoid putting up stringent measures in order for them to attract investors at the expense of ethical business activities The fight for ethical business practices in the global food chain is very much achievable. These will require governments to work together. Consumers of these products can also have a critical role to play by giving a snub to products fr om companies that do not conform to ethical business practices.ReferencesAuret van Heerden (2010). Making Global Labor Fair. Retrieved fromhttp//video.ted.com/talk/podcast/2010G/None/AuretvanHeerden_2010G.mp4Manuel, V., Claire, A., Thomas, S., S. J., & Michael, J.M. What is Ethics? Retrieved from http//www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/ determination/whatisethics2.html?utm_expid=6222598-1.kwhpOqkUTTeXUGI-lneo5w.2Source document

Global Supply Chain Presentation Briefing Notes

You do not select to conduct in depth analysis utilize the equations we have looked at in supply range planning or in global supply arrange design You can dole out the diametrical variables which are used in these equations, which impact on supply chain planning and network design Part of the task is to manage the level of mental ability in the time period you have. In your future careers you will be asked to present on projects for which you have undertaken considerable work the skill is ensuring you get crosswise what you think are the key points to your audience, which makes them want to find out more.Dont be afraid to question the approach your client is taking they are obviously experts in their field for their company and you have had limited insight into their operations and they know this. However, we are asking you to consider your role to be that of a consultant, to bring in a different perspective, to question. As long as you are taking a logical approach which is well supported, your recommendations and insight are welcomed The Task critically analyse the challenges that your company faces managing their global supply chains.Outline how the company has addressed these challenges where possible and present your recommendations. You must ensure that you cover the key aspects of global supply chain management which we have discussed in divisions one to five however we would advise that you cogitate your presentation on just one or two of these topics which you consider to be especially relevant to your companys operations. You must therefore justify why you view these topics as being of particular importance for your company. individually group must include application of appropriate frameworks in their presentation.Presentations which are mainly descriptive will be marked down as per the judgment criteria. All material must be clearly referenced using Harvard. The Topics and Some Questions to consider in relation to the challenges they fac e As outlined above, you need to demonstrate your understanding of the following topics they do link together, but you do not need to cover every element in detail focus on one or two areas which you feel are particularly relevant to exploring the challenges the company faces (but justify why in your introduction).Foundations of globose show fibril Management What are the macro trends impacting on their global supply chain? (ensure a balance, dont just focus on macro trends as one topic you need to demonstrate how it links to the management of their global supply chain) Networks and Cycles in their supply chain? Supply chain processes Push or Pull approach employed? Supply Chain structure to meet business objectives? Strategy in relation to nature of demand/supply agile, responsive, efficient, risk hedging?Managing Supply Chain act SCOR Plan, Make, Source, Deliver, Return are there any areas of weakness or potential threats in your clients global supply approach in these ar eas? Green strategy? Global Supply Chain Planning What forecasting methods are used? If not, what do you think world power be some of the risks the company faces? Where do you think might be some of the cost pressures in their supply chain which would impact on profitability? Designing a Global Supply Network stead decisions?If you feel increased demand for their product may arise from new markets in say China, and you consider the location of your companys current manufacturing plants, what might be the risks associated with change magnitude capacity at their current manufacturing plant? If relocation is an option, what factors would you take into consideration? How might this impact on the overall design of their global supply chain network? Global Sourcing Make or buy decisions challenges your company faces? Risks with their current strategy? Relationship with suppliers? Factors influencing the total cost of ownership?

To what extent has the traditional male role changed in the last 20 years?

The customary enjoyment of the phallic in relation to the fellowship as being the head of the household, the protector and the provider is slowly eroding. The potents duty was un forelandably embodied in these three ideas until the 1970s. The growing feminist move manpowert began to question and displace these roles as solely belonging to men The traditional male role has seen significant changes in the family unit, society and personally.In the past men were the sole breadwinners and they were left with the proletariat of bringing home the money. It was their job to be financially sound so as to take c atomic number 18 of their familys needs. Being the sole breadwinner, it was the men who made all the major decisions in the home. Women on the other hand were left with the daunting task of being homemakers and victorious care of the chores and looking after the children.I remember my grandmother talk about her puzzle and how everyone in the house including her mother used to b e as quiet as mice when their father came home as they were told not make all noise or the unthinkable would happen. Nowadays, it is just the opposite. The roles of both husband and wife chip in changed. Both the husband and the wife work to make ends meet. Most households cannot sustain themselves on just one salary.As both the man and the woman are out earning a living, it is only lifelike that household chores and child rearing has to be shared. Another area that has seen change is indecision making. While in the past it was the man who made all the decisions about the family, now it is collaborative decision making.Most women are as educated as men and are able to sit and discuss on an equal price with their spouse on methods of childrearing and even other major family decisions. There has also been change in the role of man in society. In the past, men have always held prominent positions in the workplace. They were the ones who made the decisions on how to remain their companies.Women held minor positions such as clerks, stenographers and secretaries, while men were given positions such as directors, managers and chief operating officers. You could see men working in corporate, financial, legal and political fields, Men held the full authority to run a family and the country from bottom to top.Now this is changing with many women breaking through the glass ceiling and taking on more powerful and significant functions in different aspects. Witheducation, women have been able to rise to great heights. We have women who are CEOs politicians and even Prime Ministers and Presidents of countries.Lastly, men from time immemorial have been pictured as being strong, fearless and successful. They have always been conditioned to not show any kind of emotions that could damage their role model image. Men were told that they should not cry and should always have a very stern character.Fathers were unapproachable and did not take an active part in their childr ens unrestrained growth. This was left to the mother. But this is now changing. Men are moving away from being strong, silent and unfeeling. They are starting to express their feelings and taking on a more soft and thoughtful personality.In conclusion, it must be stated that the changes in the role of the male species is here to stay and must be respected deep down the structure of the family unit, society and as an individual. In my opinion, I think I would like to see the manhood judged based on humanity rather than prejudged roles.

High School and School Teachers Essay

Abstract The get across underscores the importance of the skills that argon nigh essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says. Since many secondary coil develop teachers arent familiar with the skills that receive been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would preferably see more depth, non a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, deuce students flowerpot pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their companionship can vary greatly.Colleges reappraisal class titles but rarely respect the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills racetrack to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates testament perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop rudimentary math programs. We want to cave in sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says.To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put aside data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title The Hispanic prospect in Higher development Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education get out 08/2013 Study Explores Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M Stern Content Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says.Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills. Postsecondary instructors would rat her see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks.And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the better their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title.The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013 Study Explores Why many High School Graduates Are not Ready for College by Gary M Stern Content Type Journal Article Abstract The report underscores the importance of the skills that are most essential and associated with career and college readiness, Paul Weeks says. Since many secondary school teachers arent familiar with the skills that have been identified as the most essential to succeed in college, high school educators cover a breadth of skills.Postsecondary instructors would rather see more depth, not a broad range that are only an inch deep, asserts Weeks. For example, two students can pass algebra but have vastly different experiences and their knowledge can vary greatly. Colleges review class titles but rarely evaluate the essential skills mastered in the class. Now we know what skills lead to college and career readiness, suggests Weeks. And the more high school teachers are aware of those skills and can teach them, the b etter their graduates will perform in postsecondary education. Boone County schools also are collaborating with Northern Kentucky University to develop basic math programs. We want to make sure that every student is at that level of mastery. It drives everything we do, Karen Cheser says. To prepare students to be college ready, it requires conversations, transparency, and a willingness to put out data. It takes community-will and providing resources, she remarks. Publication Title The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Publisher The Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Date 08/2013.

Vampire Academy Chapter 14

FOURTEENI CONTINUED SPYING ON LISSA everywhere the next couple of days, feeling mildly guilty each time. Shed always scornd it when I did by accident, and now I did it on purpose.Steadily, I watched as she reintegrated herself into the royal power players one by one. She couldnt do group destiny, but catching one person alone was unspoilt as effective, if slower. And re eithery, a smoke didnt convey to be compelled to start hanging out with her again. Many werent as sh on the wholeow as they seemed they remembered Lissa and want her for who she was. They flocked to her, and now, a month and a half after our return to the Academy, it was the likes of shed never leftfield(p) at all. And during this rise to fame, she advocated for me and ral be against Mia and Jesse.One morning, I tuned into her while she was getting ready for breakfast. Shed spent the last twenty transactions blow-drying and straightening her hair, aroundthing she hadnt done in a while. Natalie, sitting on t he bed in their room, watched the process with curiosity. When Lissa moved on to makeup, Natalie in the long run spoke.Hey, were going to watch a movie in Erins room after school. You going to diminish? Id always made jokes about Natalie being boring, but her friend Erin had the personality of dry wall.Cant. Im going to champion Camille bleach Carlys hair.You sure spend a lot of time with them now.Yeah, I guess. Lissa dabbed mascara crossways her lashes, instantly reservation her eyes look bigger.I thought you didnt like them any much.I changed my mind.They sure seem to like you a lot now. I mean, non that anyone wouldnt like you, but once you came back and didnt speech to them, they seemed okay ignoring you too. I heard them talking about you a lot. I guess thats not surprising, because theyre Mias friends too, but isnt it weird how very much they like you now? Like, I hear them always waiting to see what you want to do in advance they make plans and stuff. And a bunch of them are defending Rose now, which is really crazy. Not that I trust any of that stuff about her, but I never would have thought it was possible underneath Natalies rambling was the seed of suspicion, and Lissa picked up on it. Natalie probably never would have dreamed of compulsion, but Lissa couldnt take chances innocent questions turning into something more. You know what? she interrupted. Maybe I will swing by Erins after all. I bet Carlys hair wont take that long.The offer derailed Natalies train of thought. Really? Oh wow, that would be great. She was telling me how sad she was that youre not around as much anymore, and I t over-the-hill herOn it went. Lissa continued her compulsion and return to popularity. I watched it all quietly, always worrying, blush though her efforts were starting to reduce the stares and gossip about me.This is going to backfire, I mouth to her in church one day. Someones going to start wondering and asking questions.Stop being so melodramatic. P ower shifts all the time around here.Not like this.You dont telephone my winning personality could do this on its own?Of course I do, but if Christian spotted it right outside(a), then someone else will My words were interrupted when two guys farther down the pew suddenly exploded into snickers. Glancing up, I saw them looking right at me, not even bothering to hide their smirks.Looking away, I seek to ignore them, suddenly hoping the priest would start up soon. hardly Lissa re glum their looks, and a sudden fierceness flashed across her face. She didnt say a word, but their smiles grew smaller under her heavy gaze.Tell her youre sorry, she told them. And make sure she believes it.A moment later, they practically fell all over themselves apologizing to me and begging for forgiveness. I couldnt believe it. Shed used compulsion in public in church, of all places. And on two people at the same time.They in conclusion exhausted their supply of apologies, but Lissa wasnt finished .Thats the best you can do? she snapped.Their eyes widened in alarm, both scare that theyd angered her.Liss, I verbalize quickly, touching her arm. Its okay I, uh, accept their apologies.Her face still radiated disapproval, but she finally nodded. The guys slumped in relief.Yikes. Id never felt so relieved to have a service start. Through the bond, I felt a sort of dark sitisfaction coming from Lissa. It was uncharacteristic for her, and I didnt like it.Needing to bother myself from her troubling behavior, I studied other people as I so often did. Nearby, Christian openly watched Lissa, a tip overd look on his face. When he saw me, he scowled and turned away.Dimitri sat in the back as usual, for once not scanning every corner for danger. His attention was turned inward, his expression almost pained. I still didnt know why he came to church. He always seemed to be wrestling with something.In the front, the priest was talking about St. Vladimir again.His spirit was strong, and he was truly gifted by God. When he touched them, the crippled walked, and the covert could see. Where he walked, flowers bloomed.Man, the Moroi needed to get more saints Healing cripples and blind people?Id forgotten all about St. Vladimir. stonemason had mentioned Vladimir bringing people back from the dead, and it had reminded me of Lissa at the time. thence other things had distracted me. I hadnt thought about the saint or his shadow-kissed guardian and their bond in a while. How could I have overlooked this? Ms. Karp, I accomplished, wasnt the only other Moroi who could heal like Lissa. Vladimir could too.And all the while, the masses gathered to him, loving him, eager to follow his teachings and hear him preach the word of GodTurning, I stared at Lissa. She gave me a puzzled look. What?I didnt get a chance to elaborate I dont even know if I could have formed the words because I was whisked back to my prison almost as soon as I stood up at the end of the service.Back in my r oom, I went online to enquiry St. Vladimir but turned up nothing useful. Damn it. stonemason had skimmed the books in the library and said there was little there. What did that leave me with? I had no way of learning more about that dust-covered old saint.Or did I? What had Christian said that first day with Lissa?Over there, we have an old box full of the writings of the blessed and crazy St. Vladimir.The storage room above the chapel. It had the writings. Christian had oral sexed them out. I needed to look at them, but how? I couldnt ask the priest. How would he react if he give out students were going up there? Itd put an end to Christians lair. But maybemaybe Christian himself could help.It was Sunday, though, and I wouldnt see him until tomorrow afternoon. Even then, I didnt know if Id get a chance to talk to him alone.While heading out to practice later, I stopped in the dorms kitchen to grab a granola bar. As I did, I passed a couple of novice guys, Miles and Anthony. Miles whistled when he saw me.Hows it been going, Rose? You getting lone(prenominal)? Want some company?Anthony laughed. I cant bite you, but I can give you something else you want.I had to pass through the doorway they stood in to get outside. Glaring, I pushed past, but Miles caught me around the waist, his hand slip down to my butt.Get your hands off my ass before I break your face, I told him, dork away. In doing so, I only bumped into Anthony.Come on, Anthony said, I thought you didnt have a problem pickings on two guys at the same time.A new voice spoke up. If you guys dont walk away right now, Ill take both of you on. Mason. My hero.Youre so full of it, Ashford, said Miles. He was the bigger of the two and left me to go square off with Mason. Anthony backed off from me, more interested in whether or not thered be a fight. There was so much testosterone in the air, I felt like I needed a gas mask.Are you doing her too? Miles asked Mason. You dont want to share?Say one more word about her, and Ill rip your head off.Why? Shes just a cheap blood Mason punched him. It didnt rip Miles head off or even cause anything to break or bleed, but it looked like it hurt. His eyes widened, and he lunged toward Mason. The sound of doors opening in the hall caused everyone to freeze. Novices got in a lot of trouble for fighting.Probably some guardians coming. Mason grinned. You want them to know you were beating up on a girl?Miles and Anthony exchanged glances. Come on, Anthony said. Lets go. We dont have time for this.Miles reluctantly followed. Ill remark you later, Ashford.When they were gone, I turned on Mason. ? drum up up on a girl?Youre welcome, he said drily.I didnt need your help.Sure. You were doing just fine on your own.They caught me off guard, thats all. I could have dealt with them eventually.Look, dont take being pissed off at them out on me.I just dont like being treated likea girl.You are a girl. And I was just trying to help.I looked at him and saw th e earnestness on his face. He meant well. No point in being a bitch to him when I had so many an(prenominal) other people to hate lately.Wellthanks. Sorry I snapped at you.We talked a little bit, and I managed to get him to spill some more school gossip. He had noticed Lissas rise in status but didnt seem to find it strange. As I talked to him, I noticed the adoring look he always got around me opening across his face. It made me sad to have him feel that way about me. Guilty, even.How hard would it be, I wondered, to go out with him? He was nice, funny, and reasonably good-looking. We got along. Why did I get caught up in so many messes with other guys when I had a perfectly sweet one here who wanted me? Why couldnt I just return his feelings?The answer came to me before Id even finished asking myself the question. I couldnt be Masons lady friend because when I imagined someone holding me and whispering dirty things in my ear, he had a Russian accent.Mason continued watching me admiringly, oblivious to what was going on in my head. And seeing that adoration, I suddenly realized how I could use it to my advantage.Feeling a little guilty, I shifted my conversation to a more flirty title and watched Masons glow increase.I leaned beside him on the wall so our arms just touched and gave him a trifling smile. You know, I still dont approve of your whole hero thing, but you did scare them. That was almost worth it.But you dont approve?I trailed fingers up his arm. No. I mean, its hot in principle but not in practice.He laughed. The hell it isnt. He caught hold of my hand and gave me a knowing look. Sometimes you need to be saved. I think you like being saved sometimes and just cant admit it.And I think you get off on saving people and just cant admit it.I dont think you know what gets me off. Saving damsels like you is just the honorable thing to do, he declared loftily.I quash the urge to smack him over the use of damsels. Then prove it. Do me a favor just be cause its ?the right thing to do. Sure, he said immediately. Name it.I need you to get a nitty-gritty to Christian Ozera.His eagerness faltered. What the ? You arent serious.Yes. Completely.RoseI cant talk to him. You know that.I thought you said youd help. I thought you said helping ?damsels is the honorable thing to do.I dont really see how honors involved here. I gave him the most smoldering look I could manage. He caved. What do you want me to tell him?Tell him I need St. Vladimirs books. The ones in storage. He needs to sneak them to me soon. Tell him its for Lissa. And tell himtell him I lied the night of the reception. I hesitated. Tell him Im sorry.That doesnt make any sense.It doesnt have to. Just do it. Please? I turned on the beauty queen smile again.With hasty assurances that hed see what he could do, he left for lunch, and I went off to practice.

Is It Fair to Criticise General Haig as a Donkey Who Led Lions

Is it fair to criticize superior general Haig as a donkey who led lions? Douglas Haig was a everyday during World war One. There is a pass on controversy over General Haigs reputation due to the high level of losses during his battles in command. Many people agree with David Lloyd Georges attitude of Haig and many other British Generals of World War One. They are said to be donkeys, incompetents who sent the lions (the soldier) into futile bloody battles. Many popular books, films and television programs likewise agree with David Lloyd George.The sad truth, however, was between two evenly matched opponents, that at that place was no other way of result the conflict. There is sufficient evidence to indicate that that Douglas Haig was a measly General, or a donkey. The evidence is that General Haig, along with many other Generals, were used to handling small-scale forces in colonial warfare. They had a lot to learn about this type of warfare, for which they were very unprepare d. Furtherto a greater extent, communications were poor, and armies were too grand and dispersed to be commanded by a General himself.Haig should have, however, made sure that all his soldiers knew what the plan was before they set off, and Haig should have aforethought(ip) how he was going to communicate with them. Moreover, if the infantry and artillery did manage to hit the enemy Haig lacked a agile moving force to use the situation effectively. Additionally, General Haigs 1914 tactics had yet to catch up with the range and effectiveness of in advance(p) artillery and the latest machine guns. Likewise, Haig learnt the wrong lesson from previous attacks, instead of continue with short times of extreme amounts of fire.Haig used heavier guns and longer bombard handsts that just churned up the ground and eliminated the element of surprise. Haig was not able to rent information passed on to him, a great example of this was when it was suggested that much of the barbed wire on t he Somme was not cut, he admitted that himself, but he still continued with the attack. Another example of this was during Aube Ridge, when he also knew the wire was not cut in 1915, but he insisted the attack should continue and 1,000 men lost their lives for no gain.Not to mention, Haigs ordering of successive attacks on the Somme during October and November 1916, with the ground reduced to a soggy area that gave way underfoot, achieved nothing but a degradation of morale and manpower. In 1917 other Generals were sexual relation Haig that it was pointless to continue. No matter, Haig continued to hammer away for a further three months. Haig consistently told his soldiers that German morale and manpower were on the verge of collapse and that just one more push could recession the enemy.To Haigs defense it can be said that his army played a main slice in defeating the German forces in the crucial battles of 1918. Furthermore, the Somme and Passchendaele, which are battles that h ave been known as unnecessary slaughter of British troops, had sensible strategy, not least in the amount of damage they inflicted on the Germans. Moreover, Haig was not prone a professional force he was given a citizen army, which had less training and preparation for the battles. Additionally, the french tended to decide what to do during the battles, even though Haig was an independent commander.Besides, Germany had been working on placing high tech weapons onto the battleground (quick-firing artillery and machine guns) and also low-tech defenses (trenches and barbed wire), which made Haigs job considerably harder. At the battle of Loos, Sir John French cherished personal control of reserves. He therefore didnt take into account Haig (commander on the spot) to have them until it was too late, and the attack consequently failed causing thousands of casualties. Not to mention, at the battle of Neuve Chappelle, poor communications hampered the ability of Haig and the British C ommander Sir John French, to send in reserves where they were needed.Also, when General Haig wanted to attack in Flanders, around Ypres, where the British army was closer to supplies and also to strategic targets just bottom of the inning the Germans lines (coastal ports and coal mines). However, for the sake of unity in the alliance with France, the politicians at the time refractory that the attack must come on the River Somme simply because this was where the British and French armies met in the trench line. The condemn for the slaughter cannot, therefore, be placed entirely on Douglas Haig himself, simply because it was not his plan to attack on the River Somme.In addition, the German commanders would be fighting on ground they knew well, they also had the advantage of telephone cable which was profoundly buried and therefore harder to cut. The German generals would therefore be able receive information far more quickly than their British counterparts. In conclusion, I think it is fair to criticize General Haig as a donkey who led lions. This is justifiable because Haig was often unprepared for the battle where he was responsible for thousands of men.Communication was a big problem for Haig he did not insure that his soldiers were able to communicate messages during battle, which meant that soldiers were left confused, not understanding what there next plan of action was. Furthermore, General Haigs had not been able to catch up with modern artillery and machine guns, which meant his battle tactics were often old fashioned and ineffective. Moreover, Haig was not able to accept intelligence that was passed on to him which meant he made drastic decisions, which would lead unsuspecting men to their deaths.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 17

10Seldon strode into Amaryls office, unannounced.Yugo, he verbalize abruptly, the session with commonplace Tennar has been postponed. He seated himself in a rather pettish manner.It took Amaryl his usual a couple of(prenominal) mo custodyts to disconnect his judgment from his work. Looking up fin every last(predicate)y, he express, What was his exc persona?It wasnt he. Some of our mathematicians arranged a weeks recess so that it wouldnt interfere with the birthday celebration. I find all of this to be extremely annoying. wherefore did you allow them do that?I didnt. They hardly went ahead and arranged things. Seldon shrugged. In a focussing, its my fault. Ive whined so long well-nigh turning sixty that eachone animadverts they boast to cheer me up with festivities.Amaryl verbalise, Of course, we can use the week.Seldon sat forward, immediately tense. Is something rail at?No. Not that I can see, hardly it wont hurt to examine it further. Look, Hari, this is the first t ime in nearly thirty years that psychohistory has leached the point where it can actually open a ringion. Its non to a slap-uper extent of one-its just a small pinch of the vast continent of humanity- merely its the best weve had so farthest. All unspoiled. We indispensableness to take advantage of that, see how it works, prove to ourselves that psychohistory is what we think it is a predictive science. So it wont hurt to crop sure that we acquirent over reflexioned allthing. Even this tiny bit of prediction is complex and I welcome some other week of study.Very well, whence. Ill consult you on the subject field before I go to see the General for whatever last-minute modifications that put up to be made. Meanwhile, Yugo, do non allow any information concerning this to bring kayoed out to the others-not to anyone. If it fails, I dont penury the people of the confound to grow downhearted. You and I ordain absorb the mischance ourselves and keep on trying.A rargon wistful smile crossed Amaryls face. You and I. Do you remember when it really was just the two of us?I remember it very well and dont think that I dont drip those days. We didnt guide much to work with-Not take down out the Prime Radiant, let alone the Electro-Clarifier. precisely those were dexterous days.Happy, give tongue to Amaryl, nodding his head.11The University had been transformed and Hari Seldon could not refrain from being pleased.The central retinue of the labor complex had suddenly sprouted in color and light, with holography filling the air with shifting three-dimensional images of Seldon at different places and different times. There was Dors Venabili fortunate, looking somewhat younger-Raych as a teenager, still unpolished-Seldon and Amaryl, looking fabulously young, bent over their computers. There was even a fleeting sight of Eto Demerzel, which make full Seldons heart with glowing for his honest-to- proficientness friend and the security he had mat te up before Demerzels departure.The Emperor Cleon appe ared this instanthere in the holographics. It was not because holographs of him did not exist, however it was not wise, under the rule of the junta, to remind people of the past Imperium.It all poured outward, overflowing, filling room after room, building after building. Somehow, time had been found to convert the entire University into a viewing the wants of which Seldon had never seen or even imagined. Even the dome lights were darkened to produce an artificial night against which the University would light for three days.Three days said Seldon, half-impressed, half-horrified.Three days, said Dors Venabili, nodding her head. The University would consider nothing less.The spending The labor said Seldon, frowning.The expense is minimal, said Dors, compared to what you engender done for the University. And the labor is all voluntary. The students turned out and took care of everything.A from-the-air view of the Universit y appeared now, panoramically, and Seldon stared at it with a smile forcing itself onto his reciteenance.Dors said, Youre pleased. Youve done nothing but vertebral columnbite these past few months about how you didnt want any celebration for being an old man-and now look at you.Well, it is flattering. I had no idea that they would do anything like this.Why not? Youre an icon, Hari. The social unit world-the whole imperium- dwells about you.They do not, said Seldon, shaking his head vigorously. Not one in a zillion knows anything at all about me-and certain(p)ly not about psychohistory. No one outside the jump out has the faintest knowledge of how psychohistory works and not everyone inside does, either.That doesnt matter, Hari. Its you. Even the quadrillions who dont know anything about you or your work know that Hari Seldon is the greatest mathematician in the Empire.Well, said Seldon, looking around, they certainly are making me feel that way right now. But three days and t hree nights The place ordain be reduced to splinters.No, it wont. All the records have been stored away. The computers and other equipment have been secured. The students have set up a virtual security force that will prevent anything from being damaged.Youve seen to all of that, havent you, Dors? said Seldon, smiling at her fondly.A number of us have. Its by no means all me. Your colleague Tamwile Elar has worked with incredible dedication.Seldon scowled.Whats the matter with Elar? said Dors.Seldon said, He keeps calling me Maestro. Dors involve her head. Well, theres a terrible crime.Seldon ignored that and said, And hes young.Worse and worse. go on, Hari, youre going to have to learn to grow old grace richly-and to bewilder with youll have to show that youre enjoying yourself. That will please others and increase their enjoyment and surely you would want to do that. Come on. Move around. Dont hide here with me. Greet everyone. Smile. Ask after their health. And remember that , after the banquet, youre going to have to make a speech.I dislike banquets and I doubly dislike speeches.Youll have to, anyway. Now moveSeldon sighed dramatically and did as he was told. He cut quite an imposing figure as he stood in the archway leading into the main hall. The voluminous beginning(a) Ministers robes of yesteryear were gone, as were the Heliconian-style garments he had prospered in his youth. Now Seldon wore an outfit that bespoke his elevated status straight pants, crisply pleated, a modify tunic on top. Embroidered in silver thread above his heart was the insignia SELDON PSYCHOHISTORY PROJECT AT STREELING UNIVERSITY. It sparkled like a beacon against the dignified titanium-gray hue of his clothing. Seldons eyes twinkled in a face now line by age, his sixty years given away as much by his wrinkles as by his white hair.He entered the room in which the small fryren were feasting. The room had been alone cleared, except for trestles with food upon them. The chi ldren rushed up to him as soon as they saw him-knowing, as they did, that he was the cerebrate for the feast-and Seldon tried to avoid their clutching fingers.Wait, wait, children, he said. Now stand back.He pulled a small computerized robot from his pocket and placed it on the floor. In an Empire without robots, this was something that he could expect to be eye-popping. It had the shape of a small furry animal, but it in like manner had the capacity to change shapes without warning (eliciting squeals of childrens laughter each time) and when it did so, the sounds and motions it made changed as well.Watch it, said Seldon, and institute with it, and try not to break it. Later on, therell be one for each of you.He slipped out into the foyer leading back to the main hall and realized, as he did so, that Wanda was following him.Grandpa, she said.Well, of course, Wanda was different. He swooped down and bring up her high in the air, turned her over, and put her down.Are you having a good time, Wanda? he asked.Yes, she said, but dont go into that room.Why not, Wanda? Its my room. Its the office where I work.Its where I had my bad dream.I know, Wanda, but thats all over, isnt it? He hesitated, then he led Wanda to one of the chairs lining the hallway. He sat down and placed her on his lap.Wanda, he said, are you sure it was a dream?I think it was a dream.Were you really sleeping?I think I was.She seemed uncomfortable talking about it and Seldon decided to let it go. There was no use pushing her any further.He said, Well, dream or not, there were two men and they talked of lemonade death, didnt they?Wanda nodded reluctantly.Seldon said, Youre sure they said lemonade?Wanda nodded again.Might they have said something else and you thought they said lemonade?Lemonade is what they said.Seldon had to be satisfied with that. Well, run off and have a good time, Wanda. Forget about the dream.All right, Grandpa. She cheered up as soon as the matter of the dream was dismiss ed and off she went to join the festivities.Seldon went to search for Manella. It took him an extraordinarily long time to find her, since, at every step, he was stopped, greeted, and conversed with.Finally he saw her in the distance. Muttering, Pardon me- Pardon me-Theres someone I must-Pardon me-, he worked his way over to her with considerable trouble.Manella, he said and drew her off to one side, smiling mechanically in all directions.Yes, Hari, she said. Is something wrong?Its Wandas dream.Dont tell me shes still talking about it.Well, its still bothering her. Listen, we have lemonade at the party, havent we?Of course, the children adore it. Ive added a couple of dozen different Mycogenian taste buds to very small provide of different shapes and the children try them one after the other to see which taste best. The adults have been drinking it, too. I have. Why dont you taste it, Hari? Its great.Im thinking. If it wasnt a dream, if the child really heard two men speak of lemo nade death- He paused, as though ashamed to continue.Manella said, Are you thinking that someone poisoned the lemonade? Thats ridiculous. By now every child in the place would be sick or dying.I know, muttered Seldon. I know.He wandered off and intimately didnt see Dors when he passed her. She seized his elbow.Why the face? she said. You look concerned.Ive been thinking of Wandas lemonade death.So have I, but I cant make anything of it so far.I cant help but think of the possibility of poisoning.Dont. I assure you that every bit of food that came into this party has been molecularly checked. I know youll think thats my typical paranoia, but my task is guarding you and that is what I must do.And everything is-No poison. I promise you.Seldon smiled, Well, good. Thats a relief. I didnt really think-Lets hope not, said Dors dryly. What concerns me far more than this myth of poison is that I have heard that youre going to be seeing that addict Tennar in a few days.Dont call him a monst er, Dors. Be careful. Were surrounded by ears and tongues.Dors immediately bring down her voice. I suppose youre right. Look round. All these smiling faces-and yet who knows which of our friends will be reporting back to the head and his henchmen when the night is over? Ah, humans Even after all these thousands of centuries, to think that much(prenominal) show treachery still exists. It seems to me to be so unnecessary. Yet I know the harm it can do. That is why I must go with you, Hari.Impossible, Dors. It would just complicate matters for me. Ill go Myself and Ill have no trouble.You would have no idea how to handle the General.Seldon looked grave. And you would? You sound exactly like Elar. He, too, is convinced that I am a preoccupied old fool. He, too, wants to come with me-or, rather, to go in my place. I wonder how many people on Trantor are willing to take my place, he added with clear sarcasm. Dozens? Millions?12For ten years the Galactic Empire had been without an Empe ror, but there was no indication of that fact in the way the purplish Palace suit were operated. Millennia of custom made the absence of an Emperor meaningless.It meant, of course, that there was no figure in violet robes to command over formalities of one sort or another. No Imperial voice gave orders no Imperial wishes made themselves known no Imperial gratifications or annoyances made themselves felt no Imperial pleasures warm either Palace no Imperial sicknesses cast them in gloom. The Emperors own quarters in the baseborn Palace were empty-the Imperial family did not exist.And yet the military of gardeners kept the grounds in entire condition. An army of service people kept the buildings in top shape. The Emperors bed-never slept in-was made with fresh sheets every day the rooms were cleaned everything worked as it always worked and the entire Imperial staff, from top to bottom, worked as they had always worked. The top officials gave commands as they would have done if the Emperor had lived, commands that they k sensitive the Emperor would have given. In many cases, in particular in the higher(prenominal) echelons, the personnel were the same as those who had been there on Cleons last day of life. The new personnel who had been interpreted on were carefully molded and trained into the traditions they would have to serve.It was as though the Empire, accustomed to the rule of an Emperor, insisted on this ghost rule to hold the Empire together.The junta knew this-or, if they didnt, they felt it vaguely. In ten years none of those military men who had commanded the Empire had moved into the Emperors private quarters in the Small Palace. Whatever these men were, they were not Imperial and they knew they had no rights there. A populace that endured the loss of liberty would not endure any sign of irreverence to the Emperor-alive or dead.Even General Tennar had not moved into the graceful structure that had housed the Emperors of a dozen different dynast ies for so long. He had made his home and office in one of the structures construct on the outskirts of the grounds-eyesores, but eyesores that were built like fortresses, sturdy enough to withstand a siege, with outlying buildings in which an enormous force of guards was housed.Tennar was a stocky man, with a mustache. It was not a vigorous overflowing Dahlite mustache but one that was carefully clipped and fitted to the upper lip, leaving a strip of skin between the hair and the line of the lip. It was a reddish mustache and Tennar had cold blue eyes. He had probably been a handsome man in his younger days, but his face was pudgy now and his eyes were slits that verbalised anger more often than any other emotion.So he said angrily-as one would, who felt himself to be absolute master of millions of worlds and yet who dared not call himself an Emperor-to Hender Linn, I can establish a dynasty of my own. He hooked around with a scowl. This is not a fitting place for the master of the Empire.Linn said softly, To be master is what is important. Better to be a master in a cubicle than a figurehead in a palace.Best yet, to be master in a palace. Why not?Linn bore the title of colonel, but it is quite certain that he had never engaged in any military action. His function was that of telling Tennar what he wanted to hear-and of carrying his orders, unchanged, to others. On occasion-if it seemed safe-he might try to steer Tennar into more prudent courses.Linn was well known as Tennars lackey and knew that was how he was known. It did not bother him. As lackey, he was safe-and he had seen the downfall of those who had been too proud to be lackeys.The time might, of course, come when Tennar himself would be buried in the ever-changing junta panorama, but Linn felt, with a certain amount of philosophy, that he would be aware of it in time and save himself. Or he might not. There was a price for everything.No reason why you cant found a dynasty, General, said Linn. Man y others have done it in the long Imperial history. Still, it takes time. The people are slow to adapt. It is usually only the second or even third of the dynasty who is fully accepted as Emperor.I dont see that. I need merely announce myself as new Emperor. Who will dare quarrel with that? My grip is tight.So it is, General. Your power is unquestioned on Trantor and in just about of the Inner Worlds, yet it is possible that many in the farther Outer Worlds will not just yet-**accept a new Imperial dynasty.Inner Worlds or Outer Worlds, military force rules all. That is an old Imperial maxim.And a good one, said Linn, but many of the provinces have armed forces of their own, nowadays, that they whitethorn not use on your behalf. These are unenviable times.You counsel caution, then.I always counsel caution, General.And someday you may counsel it once too often.Linn bent his head. I can only counsel what seems to me to be good and useful to you, General.As in your constant harping t o me about this Hari Seldon.He is your greatest danger, General.So you keep saying, but I dont see it. Hes just a college professor.Linn said, So he is, but he was once primary Minister.I know, but that was in Cleons time. Has he done anything since? With times being difficult and with the governors of the provinces being fractious, why is a professor my greatest danger?It is sometimes a mistake, said Linn carefully (for one had to be careful in educating the General), to suppose that a quiet unobtrusive man can be harmless. Seldon has been anything but harmless to those he has opposed. Twenty years ago the Joranumite movement almost destroyed Cleons powerful scratch line Minister, Eto Demerzel.Tennar nodded, but the slight frown on his face betrayed his effort to remember the matter.It was Seldon who destroyed Joranum and who succeeded Demerzel as First Minister. The Joranumite movement survived, however, and Seldon engineered its destruction, too, but not before it succeeded in bringing about the assassination of Cleon.But Seldon survived that, didnt he?You are perfectly correct. Seldon survived.That is strange. To have allow forted an Imperial assassination should have meant death for a First Minister.So it should have. Nevertheless, the junta has allowed him to live. It seemed wiser to do so.Why?Linn sighed internally. There is something called psychohistory, General.I know nothing about that, said Tennar flatly. very he had a vague memory of Linn trying to talk to him on a number of cause concerning this strange collection of syllables. He had never wanted to listen and Linn had known better than to push the matter. Tennar didnt want to listen now, either, but there seemed to be a hidden urgency in Linns words. Perhaps, Tennar thought, he had now better listen.Almost no one knows anything about it, said Linn, yet there are a few-uh-intellectuals, who find it of interest.And what is it?It is a complex system of mathematics.Tennar shook his head. Leave me out of that, please. I can count my military divisions. Thats all the mathematics I need.The story is, said Linn, that psychohistory may make it possible to predict the future.The Generals eyes bulged. You mean this Seldon is a fortune-teller?**Not in the usual fashion. It is a matter of science.I dont think it.It is hard to believe, but Seldon has become something of a cult figure here on Trantor-and in certain places in the Outer Worlds. Now psychohistory-if it can be used to predict the future or if even people merely think it can be so used-can be a powerful wight with which to uphold the regime. Im sure you have already seen this, General. One need merely predict our regime will endure and bring forth peace and prosperity for the Empire. People, believing this, will help make it a self-fulfilling prophecy. On the other hand, if Seldon wishes the reverse, he can predict civil war and ruin. People will believe that, too, and that would destabilize the regime.In that case, Co lonel, we simply make sure that the predictions of psychohistory are what we want them to be.It would be Seldon who would have to make them and he is not a friend of the regime. It is important, General, that we differentiate between the Project that is working at Streeling University to perfect psychohistory and Hari Seldon. Psychohistory can be extremely useful to us, but it will be so only if someone other than Seldon were in charge.Are there others who could be?Oh yes. It is only necessary to get rid of Seldon.What is so difficult with that? An order of execution-and it is done.It would be better, General, if the government was not seen to be directly involved in such a thing.I have arranged to have him meet with you, so that you can use your scientific discipline to probe his spirit. You would then be able to judge whether certain suggestions I have in mind are worthwhile or not.When is the meeting to take place?It was to take place very soon, but his representatives at the P roject asked for a few days leeway, because they were in the process of celebrating his birthday-his sixtieth, apparently. It seemed wise to allow that and to permit a weeks delay.Why? demanded Tennar. I dislike any display of weakness.Quite right, General. Quite right. Your instincts are, as always, correct. However, it seemed to me that the unavoidably of the state might require us to know what and how the birthday celebration-which is winning place right now-might involve.Why?All knowledge is useful. Would you care to see some of the festivities?General Tennars face remained dark. Is that necessary?I think you will find it interesting, General.The reproduction-sight and sound-was excellent and for quite a while the hilarity of the birthday celebration filled the rather stark room in which the General sat.Linns low voice served as commentary. Most of this, General, is taking place in the Project complex, but the rest of the University is involved. We will have an air view in a f ew moments and you will see that the celebration covers a wide area. In fact, though I dont have the evidence available right now, there are corners of the planet here and there, in various(a) University and sectoral settings mostly, where what we might call sympathy celebrations of one sort or another are taking place. The celebrations are still continuing and will endure for another day at least.Are you telling me that this is a Trantor-wide celebration?In a specialized way. It affects mostly the intellectual classes, but it is surprisingly widespread. It may even be that there is some shouting on worlds other than Trantor.Where did you get this reproduction?Linn smiled. Our facilities in the Project are quite good. We have reliable sources of information, so that little can happen that doesnt come our way at once.Well then, Linn, what are all your conclusions about this?It seems to me, General, and Im sure that it seems so to you, that Hari Seldon is the focus of a personality c ult. He has so identified himself with psychohistory that if we were to get rid of him in too open a manner, we would entirely destroy the credibility of the science. It would be useless to us.On the other hand, General, Seldon is growing old and it is not difficult to imagine him being replaced by another man someone we could choose and who would be friendly to our great aims and hopes for the Empire. If Seldon could be removed in such a way that it is made to seem natural, then that is all we need.The General said, And you think I ought to see him?Yes, in order to weigh his quality and decide what we ought to do. But we must be cautious, for he is a popular man.I have dealt with popular people before, said Tennar darkly.