Disney´s Aladdin Negative Sterotypes of Arabs - 712 Words

Application reflection project Orientalism in western pop cultural is something that occurs more than most of us realizes, weather its a popular TV show, movie, comic book, or even a catchy song on the radio. Exploitation of Arabs seems to be a very popular subject in many western pop cultural artifacts. Even when it comes to children’s movies exploitation of eastern cultures often still exist. The children’s Disney movie Aladdin may not be so innocent after all, this movie portrays negative stereotype on Arabs. (Wingfield Karaman, 1995) This children’s movie discriminates Arabs as violent, poor, and thefts. Through images, scenes, and even songs this movie portrays racism towards Arabs. The most controversial of all is opening song of the movie titled â€Å"Arabian nights†. The lyrics read Oh, I come from a land, From a faraway place, Where the caravan camels roam, Where they cut off your ear If they don‘t like your face, It‘s Barbaric, but hey, it‘s home.(Wingfield Karaman, 1995) These lyrics were thought to be so offensive that The American-Arab Anti Discrimination Committee (ADC) got involved. Wingfield Karaman, 1995) Disney agreed to change the original lyrics to the song. The new lyrics read It‘s flat and immense, and the heat is intense. It‘s barbaric, but hey, it‘s home.† (Wingfield Karaman, 1995) Although the lyrics improved many Arabs dont consider this much progress, and still see the new lyrics as racist. (Wingfield Karaman, 1995) PG rated movies

Essay about The Problems Brought by Overpopulation

Overpopulation refers to a condition where the number in a human population exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth. Because overpopulation is the main cause of exhaustion of natural sources, degradation of environment, and increase in unemployment, it is considered as an undesirable situation. According to the U.S. census Bureau, there are 220,000 people added to the planet every day. As the population growth spurs food shortage, nations try to find different ways to prevent outstripping resources. Instead of embracing the reduced fertility option, several nations choose perilous geopolitics that is based on self-interest and creates a mayhem in developing countries. Author Lester Brown(2009) addresses and widely discusses the issue in†¦show more content†¦Land acquisitions also have a significant impact on employment .Most of the time, land-buyer countries bring their own workers to host countries where unemployment is already widespread. This leads to public hostility and strikes. I chose to discuss this issue, because it closely relates to me. I was born and raised in Country of Georgia, which is a small, developing country in Eastern Europe. Since 1991, Georgia has experience extensive immigration. While many Georgians chose to leave country, people from other countries moved to Georgia and started benefiting from irrationally tolerant immigration policy. The countries included China, India, Turkey and some African countries. Chinese businesses became well-assimilated in commercial life. The increasing number of Chinese immigrants spread the fear of Chinese expansion in Georgia. There was a lot of public outcry when it was obvious that Georgian government was selling a significant amount of land to Chinese businessmen. Lands that were the only source of income for thousands of Georgians. Few years ago, when I still lived in Georgia, I remember an incident that took place in the village where I used to spend my summers. There was a remote, peaceful area near the village that was like an Eden for us. Words can’t describe the beauty and mystery of this place. The villagers peacefully shared the fruit and vegetables that were abundant on this place. ThisShow MoreRelatedHuman Overpopulation1505 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of overpopulation has different perspectives regarding whether or not it is happening as well as its apparent effects of both the environment and its inhabitants. The idea of human overpopulation being a problem most clearly begins around the time of Thomas Robert Malthus’ publishing of An Essay on the Principle of Population as It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers. In his writing, Malthus describesRead MorePet Overpopulation Is A Serious Problem988 Words   |  4 Pagesof these animals about half which is 3 to 4 million only make it out alive. 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Due to overpopulationRead MoreHow to Save an Animal Life Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesit is not their time. This is due to overpopulation in animal shelters. Death in animal shelters due to overpopulation is a problem that I believe could easily be resolved if we were to take more responsibility as pet owners. There are simply too many animals being brought into this world, and not enough space or homes for them to live. As pet owners, we need to take responsibility in the way we handle this problem. As sad as it is, the issue of overpopulation is one that is literally deadly. EveryRead MoreMission. According To Pets Alive (2016), The Mission Of1019 Words   |  5 Pagesaccomplish this, they have partnered with the animal welfare community. This partnership will allow them to provide both life-saving programs and solutions to the problem of overpopulation (Pets Alive, 2016). History According to â€Å"Pets Alive†, in April of 2002, Katrina Sturgeon read a newspaper article that stated that around 70% of the animals brought to the animal shelter in Bloomington were euthanized. Appalled by this statistic, she wrote a letter to the editor calling for change. Two women, Karla KamstraRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Serious Problem1442 Words   |  6 Pagesto the entire world is overpopulation. Overpopulation is a serious problem that is having an extreme effect on the health of every citizen of every country. The problems caused by overpopulation could even prove to be a fatal epidemic to the human population. Oftentimes overpopulation is overlooked due to a lack of knowledge or simply because many government officials have dismissed overpopulation and call it a myth. Overpopulation is an enormous and serious global problem that needs to be takenRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Major Challenge That Humans Face Today1199 Words   |  5 Pages Overpopulation is a major challenge that humans face today. The human population is close to 8 billion, and at our current birthrate, we are adding nearly one billion more people every 12 years. Issues such as dependence of natural resources, degradation of the environment, poverty, and unemployment, are root causes of overpopulation. Though opponents of this theory, such as Erle C. Ellis uses archeological records, and the history of human evolution to argue against overpopulation. Robert WalkerRead MoreOverpopulation : The Better Or For The Worst?1547 Words   |  7 PagesOverpopulation: for the better or for the worst? There are currently seven million people inhabiting earth. By 2050, it is predicted that population will reach up to 10.63 billion and by 2300 it is predicted to be 36.44 billion. In less than 300 years, population will grow by more than 30 billion people. The earth is meant to hold about six billion people and since humans have already already exceeded its limit, it is crucial for strong actions to take place in order to prevent overpopulation orRead MorePersuasive Essay on Overpopulation910 Words   |  4 Pagessame planet. I have had those thoughts several times and believe that overpopulation is one of the biggest problems in the world today. Overpopulation has become a major crisis in the twenty-first century and its detrimental affect on our living standards, environment, and much needed resources. The problem is not the number of people in this world, but the way people choose to live. The dilemmas created by overpopulation affect people of all races and social status. Th is is why we as the humanRead MorePost Modern America in 20501254 Words   |  6 Pagesof the events that will occur when this year comes. In this paper I will identify three changes that will occur by 2050 and how they will affect society as a whole, but only one will be researched in depth. The first change in 2050 will be overpopulation. Right now, many countries are considered overpopulated and their governments are looking for ways to control birth rates. Most of these countries are Third World countries and poverty is high in these areas. In the article U.S. Predicted to

Growth of the Business of ALDI in Australia

Question: Discuss about theGrowth of the Business of ALDI in Australia. Answer: Introduction ALDI supermarkets are a retail chain which sells different types of grocery items. It includes meats and dairy products along with other items of daily needs. This store provides discount to their customers on certain days of weeks and is giving a tough competition to the famous retail stores like Woolworths in Australia (Metzger 2014). They offer great quality of product to their customers at a low price. In this assignment, the growth of the business of the supermarkets chains of ALDI in Australia would be studied. The factors that influence this growth of the business of supermarket chains of ADLI in Australia would be studied. An idea would be given about the type of analysis that could be done if data is collected for the research. The expected outcomes regarding the growth of the business of the supermarkets chains of ALDI in Australia would be also be given in the assignment. Problem Statement The problem statement of the assignment is to understand the growth of the business of ALDI supermarket in Australia. The problem statement would help to know about the business of ALDI supermarket chains in Australia and would help to compare its current status in the business of retail industry with its previous status. Research Aim The aim of the research is to understand the growth of the business of ALDI supermarket in Australia. The aim of the research is also to know about the business of ALDI supermarket chains in Australia and would help to compare its current status in the business of retail industry with its previous status. Research Objectives The objectives of the research are as follows: To find the current status of the business of ALDI supermarket chain in Australia To understand the growth of the business of ALDI supermarket in Australia To compare the current status in the business of retail industry for the supermarket chain of ALDI with its previous status Research Questions The questions of the research are as follows: How is the current status of the business of ALDI supermarket chain in Australia? How is the growth of the business of ALDI supermarket in Australia? On comparing the current status in the business of retail industry for the supermarket chain of ALDI with its previous status, how did it change over the period? Research Hypothesis The hypothesis of the test is as follows: H0: There is no growth in the current status in the business of retail industry for the supermarket chain of ALDI H1: There is a growth in the current status in the business of retail industry for the supermarket chain of ALDI Literature Review ALDI is a famous retail store in Australia and it provides variety of items to its customers. The items range from grocery items to meats and dairy products. This retail industry also provides various products of daily needs to their customers. According to the viewpoint of Kotler et al. (2015), it is seen that the supermarket chain of ALDI in Australia has been going from strength to strength and it is seen that the supermarket chain has been increasing its customers base between the year 2005 to 2013. The number of customers had increased from under a million to 4.2 million on an average for a period of four week (Camero et al. 2015)s. According to the viewpoint of Brenes et al. (2015), it was seen that in the year 2013, ALDI supermarket chain had been placed in the top three supermarkets in context of the market shares. It is seen that the supermarket chain of ALDI accounts for 10.3 percent of all the dollars in the grocery section of the supermarket groups. ALDI lies in the third position after Woolworths and Coles. The popularity of this international supermarket group shows that other international supermarkets can enter the grocery market of Australia and provide a tough competition to the grocery supermarket chains of Australia. As per the viewpoint of James (2016), it was seen that the main motto of ALDI is to provide high quality of products of their customers at an incredibly low price. In short, they provide a smarter way to the customers to shop. ALDI is seen to distribute gift vouchers or gift cards to their customers using websites, Facebook promotions, emails and SMS marketing. They also provide various other offers to their customers (Kurnia et al. 2015). They usually provide deals and offers to their customers on Wednesday and Friday. They have a deal of day deal where they provide amazing deals to their customers on their fresh Aussie meat, fresh produce and other exciting and different products of the fridge. According to the viewpoint of Sutton-Brady et al. (2015), it was seen that ALDI have about 8000 stores located across the globe. It is also seen that they had been operating for over 60 years and they have a tale of unrivalled success. ALDI provides their customers with exclusive branded products that are the leading quality in the market and are usually available at high prices. ALDI store supermarket chain had debuted itself in Australia in the year 2001 and it had established the stores across New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and ACT. The supermarket chains of this retail industry had established over 270 stores across the states of Australia and have become one of the top 10 retail industry in Australia (Burch and Lawrence 2013). It is seen that the supermarket stores of ALDI is Australia is planning to increase their stores in the eastern region of the country in the coming years. The management of ALDI in Australia has an ambitious program to expand their stores in the country. The sales of this retail store are forecasted to reach beyond $15 billion by the year 2020 thereby, rising almost by 90 percent (Arli et al. 2013). It is seen that prices of the products in ALDI is cheaper by 25% as compared to the products of Coles and Woolworths, which gives an advantage to ALDI over Coles and Woolworths in terms of basket size. Thus, according to the managing director of ALDI supermarket stores in Australia, it is seen that the sales of ALDI could double or triple. However, it had remained somewhat of a niche retailer since the setup of the stores in 2001 as they provide a limited range of items at a heavily discounted prices (Burch et al. 2013). Research Methodology Research Design The design of the research involves selecting the appropriate population of the data that are useful for the research. Appropriate number of samples would be selected for the purpose of the research. These selected samples would undergo statistical analysis and hypothesis would be tested using t-test. The outcome of the research would satisfy the objective of the research help to solve the hypothesis. Data Collection The collection of the data for this purpose would be both secondary data and primary data. Secondary data would be collected from the records of the management of the company in Australia. The data about the sales and revenue of the company would be collected for the past 15 years and these data would be analyzed and interpreted find the growth of the company. The primary data would be collected on interviewing randomly chosen 50 customers who are loyal to the retail stores of ALDI in Australia. These customers would be interviewed using questionnaire method and close ended questions would be asked to them. The questions would be in Likerts scale and the responses of the chosen customers would be the sample of the research. Data Analysis The collected data, which includes both primary and secondary data, would be analyzed using various statistical tools. Statistical methods of descriptive statistics, methods of central tendency, correlation and regression would be used to analyze the collected data. T-test would be used to perform the hypothesis test. Ethical Consideration The researcher should follow the ethical rules during the research. The researcher should clearly state the respondents about the objectives of the research. He should not tamper the responses of the respondents and should not alter the secondary data collected for the purpose of the research. The researcher should not force the respondents to participate in the research and he should not use any arms and harm the respondents during the research. Expected Outcome It is expected that the rate of growth of the business of ALDI in Australia would increase sharply in the upcoming years. It is expected that the business of the company would overtake the business of Woolworths and Coles in the near future. The customers are expected to be loyal towards this retail supermarket chain and would buy more from this retail supermarket chain. It is also expected that providing the customers with best quality of products at a lower rate will be beneficial for the business of the company and it would help to increase the business of the company in Australia. Recommendation It is recommended that the company must increase their diversity of their product and advertise more about the deals and products found in their retail supermarket stores. This would help them to draw more customers and increase the revenue of the company at a better rate. References Arli, V., Dylke, S., Burgess, R., Campus, R. and Soldo, E., 2013. Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration.Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy| Ventura,16(1), pp.27-46. Brenes, E.R., Segura, M. and Pichardo, C.A., 2015. Agropecuaria Montelbano.Journal of Business Research,68(12), pp.2517-2526. Burch, D. and Lawrence, G., 2013. Financialization in agri-food supply chains: private equity and the transformation of the retail sector.Agriculture and Human Values,30(2), pp.247-258. Burch, D., Dixon, J. and Lawrence, G., 2013. Introduction to symposium on the changing role of supermarkets in global supply chains: From seedling to supermarket: Agri-food supply chains in transition.Agriculture and Human Values,30(2), pp.215-224. Cameron, A.J., Sayers, S.J., Sacks, G. and Thornton, L.E., 2015. Do the foods advertised in Australian supermarket catalogues reflect national dietary guidelines?.Health promotion international, p.dav089. James, S.W., 2016. Beyond localfood: how supermarkets and consumer choice affect the economic viability of small?scale family farms in Sydney, Australia.Area,48(1), pp.103-110. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kurnia, S., Hill, S., Rahim, M.M., Larsen, K. and Braun, P., 2015. Food Hubs in Australia: Benefits, Challenges and Potential IT Contributions. Metzger, K., 2014. International Management Analysis of ALDI. Sutton-Brady, C., Kamvounias, P. and Taylor, T., 2015. A model of supplierretailer power asymmetry in the Australian retail industry.Industrial Marketing Management,51, pp.122-130.

The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Reality vs. Illusions

The introduction: the fundamentals of the play When discussing one of the most famous plays written by Tennessee Williams, I would like to consider the fundamentals of the work. So, first of all, I would like to define the key themes.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Reality vs. Illusions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, one is to keep in mind that popular work discloses ten major themes, namely illusion vs. reality (the theme I want to highlight in detail), memory, freedom, quest, instinct vs. civilized behaviors, famous American Dream, a person’s survival in the machine age, fragility vs. strength, and a person’s need to be far away from his or her surrounding. While speaking about the first theme, illusion vs. reality I have to point out that the play explores a family that lives in shadow of reality. The playwright Williams Tennessee alludes from his early life to write an explicit play focusing on the social lives of specific individuals. Amanda is a mother of two adult children Tom and Laura. After her husband abandoned her, Amanda struggles to take care of the family. Unfortunately, besides suffering from a mental instability Laura is also crippled. Therefore, Tom has a job at shoe warehouse to provide for the family. Consequently, the three members of the family become engrossed in illusions, an aspect, which separates them from the real world. In my opinion, the so-called illusions help the main characters escape unpleasant reality. I suppose it is loss of psychological space what makes the characters to realize that it is impossible to escape the realities of the real world. Dipa Janardanan is of the opinion that the author is able â€Å"to get to the marrow of a universal truth – the human condition of an individual’s inability to escape a psychological loss of space no matter how much phy sical distance is attained† (24). I have to admit that the playwright uses innovative production techniques, in order to draw the readers’ attention to the conflict between illusion and reality. Moreover, the author showed us that the so-called survival mechanisms family decided to rely on were transformed into destructive power. The thesis statement One of the major themes of the play is considered to be the characters’ inability to meet the reality. Taking into account the attitude of all characters towards the realities of life, one can make a conclusion that the main characters require objectivity. No one is ready to accept the reality because it is really painful. While considering such complex psychological situation, it becomes evident that psychological loss of space seems to be one of the key problems the author highlights in his play.Advertising Looking for critical writing on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tennessee Williams and his story I would like to tell a few words about the author of the play. Generally, there is a need to point out that the author’s father was an adventurous and an alcoholic, his mother was a submissive but hysterical woman. Tennessee spent the first ten years of his life living with his grandparents. His health deteriorated an aspect that did not only make him shy but also contributed to his social weakness (shy). Due to constant relocation and social/financial instability, Williams and his sister became close. However, after sometime Rose suffered from a mental breakdown a development that equally traumatized Williams. Similarly, Tennessee acquired poor social skills and most of his peers referred to him as ‘Miss Nancy’ (Londre 20). Education wise, he did not finish his first degree after failing his exams in the third year. However, after acquiring literary skills from his grandfather’s library, th e author embarked on writing plays. Most of his plays were a reflection of his early life. He focused on themes such as sexual violence, social misfit, family and financial constraints among others. Tennessee wrote the play glass menagerie when the Second World War was about to end. Consequently, most spouses (men) had abandoned their families and ventured into the war therefore, creating a social gap. The body: the ways the characters reject the reality Amanda Wingfield who is one of the main characters of the play doesn’t live, but exists. Socially, Amanda’s husband abandoned her, leaving her with the financial and emotional burden to take care of the family. Amanda longs for financial and social success but this element makes her to adopt an illusionary life. Secondly, Amanda declines to accept the exit of her husband from the family thus, acquiring a domineering and hysterical attitude especially towards the children. For instance, Amanda says, â€Å"Gone, gone, g one. All vestige of gracious living! Gone completely! I wasn’t prepared for what the future brought me† (Williams 694-696). This shows that Amanda has declined to let her past go and accept the reality. So, this is an example of illusion. Unfortunately, Amanda can’t face the realities of life. When analyzing the play, it becomes evident that in real life â€Å"Williamses were never as hard up as the fictional Wingfields and so, without denying the effect of the general socio-economic environment as an intensifying element, I tend to see Amanda’s insecurity as characteristic of the alcoholic’s family† (Debusscher 59).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Reality vs. Illusions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While speaking about the second character – Laura, I have to point out that the girl lives in an illusionary wor ld. According to Williams, Laura has â€Å"Little articles of [glass], they’re ornaments mostly! Most of them are little animals made out of glass, the tiniest little animals in the world. Mother calls them a glass menagerie!† (547). Therefore, Laura distances herself from the real world. According to Joven, Laura is â€Å"like a piece of her own glass collection, too exquisitely fragile† (57). Consequently, Laura is using both her physical and mental disability to detach herself from realism. The third character is Tom. He struggles to balance his family’s responsibility as the breadwinner thus, trying to escape from the reality. According to Williams, Tom says, â€Å"There is a trick that would come in handy for me—get me out of this two-by-four situation!† (680). Although Tom is narrating a movie to Laura, his mind is struggling to devise ways in, which he can run away from home and offload the responsibility burden that always awaits him . Furthermore, he visits bars and theatres in order to stay away from home. However, Tom’s actions are unreal because he is the only male figure in the family. However, abandoning his family means running away from the real aspects of life thus, he is living in fantasy. The movie is only an illusionary step that in reality it is hard to accomplish. For instance, he says, â€Å"I am more faithful than I intended to be!†(Williams 682). This statement shows that Tom finds it unreal to abandon his sister and mother therefore, his dream of pursuing adventure away from home is only illusionary. Similarly, according to critics, Tom’s â€Å"nature is not remorseless and to escape from trust he has to act without pity† (Broom 20). However, he finally deserts his family when he loses his job. Therefore, Tom lives with an illusion that if he stays alone then he may have a comfortable life. Conclusion: reality vs. illusion In brief, Williams play focuses on the lives of three family members, who lack social skills thus; they become caught between realism and fantasy.Advertising Looking for critical writing on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although Amanda’s husband left her with the family responsibilities, she is reluctant to accept her situation. She lives under the American dream whereby everybody should have a comfortable life. In addition, she reflects on her early life whereby her family was rich. Surprisingly, she confers her son with financial responsibility a step, which motivates him to dream of how to abandon his family. Finally, due to her physical disability, Laura detaches herself from other people and become engrossed with her glass menagerie. Therefore, all the three characters have to come out of their cocoons in order to face the real world. Works Cited Bloom, Harold. Tennessee Williams’s (Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations): The Glass Menagerie. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2007. Print. Debusscher, Gilbert. Tennessee Williams’s Dramatic Charade: Secrets and Lies in The Glass Menagerie, 2000. Web. Janardanan, Dipa. Images of Loss in Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie, Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Marsha Norman’s night, Mother, and Paula Vogel’s How I Learned to Drive, 2007. Web. Joven, Nilda. â€Å"Illusion Verses Reality in The Glass Menagerie.† Diliman Review 1.1(1966): 52-60. Print. Londre, Hardison. Tennessee Williams. New York: Frederick ungar publishers, 1979. Print Williams, Tennessee. The glass menagerie. New York: Random house, 1950. Print. This critical writing on The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams Reality vs. Illusions was written and submitted by user Phoenix Vazquez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Learning and Teaching Essay Example

Learning and Teaching Essay TASK 1 A critical analysis of an individual child’s observed learning behaviour during a teaching session and analysis of the implications for their further learning and their support needs (i. e. the TA’s possible role in supporting and developing further learning) (1500 words) INTRODUCTION This essay is about how I, as a teaching assistant (TA), develop my understanding of how my learners learn and develop. I will rename the teacher as Ms K and the students as student M throughout the context. I have been assisting Ms K in Year 2C class for 3 months. The subject of the observation is student M from Iran, whose learning I analysed during a 40 minutes English lesson. I have known the student for 3 months, and as treats me like a friend, is honest and open with me. He discusses his favourite movies, toys, games and even confides in me. I have noticed that he is loquacious and as I give him more time, he has a closer relationship with me as compared to Ms K. I tend to spend my time with my learners during breaks. I have never experienced problem communicating with student M as he is able to speak good English, although he sometimes struggles with reading and writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Janine Murphy ‘A teacher must be flexible and observant†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (2011), so as a TA, I feel I should be more observant of the strengths, interests and learning needs of my learners. STUDENT M’s BACKGROUND Student M is from Iran and is 8 years old. He is slightly overweight and one of the tallest in the class. He does not like to sit at the same place for a long time and he prefers waking around the class and dancing. I often see him bullying his friends, pushing them break, hitting them whenever he likes and also annoying them by singing loudly in class. He is quite sensitive when someone scolds him, but he never cries. He communicates well with other students and teachers. Moreover, he enjoys Physical Education (PE) and Dance most, as he gets to be more active and he works finely in group activities. He seems to hate English and this is maybe due to the way Ms K delivers her lessons which may not be able to conducive to his kinaesthetic learning style. The majority of the students in 2C class also seem to have a kinaesthetic style. According to David Glen â€Å"Almost certainly, you were told that your instruction should match your students learning styles†¦Now four psychologists argue that you were told wrong. There is no strong scientific evidence to support the â€Å"matching† idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2009) I totally do not agree with that statement because I feel that by complying the needs of a learner will actually make them more interested to learn something rather than just wasting time in a place where they do not like. There are for 4 aspects I have observed, learning style: 1. Personality and Learning style 2. Experience and interest 3. Stage of development 4. Abilities DEFINATION OF KINAESTHETIC We keep hearing things like, â€Å"My mind works better when I’m doing something physical, like running or walking. â€Å"I like spending all my free time in the open air. † â€Å"I enjoy working with my hands. † All these form kinaesthetic intelligence. According to Ian Ducket â€Å"Kinaesthetic learners usually tend to remember things that they do and experience and may tend to tap their pencil or pen during a lesson†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (n. d) As a TA I would try my best to make sure my learners will experience a perfect learning environment with suitable resources used to help them to understand more effectively. According to learning specialist,  Pat Wyman, M. A. , concept †¦is the importance of matching input and  output in teaching. For example, it  may be obvious to  anyone that a child cannot acquire the skill of swimming  (output) by reading  about it in a book. He has to get in the water and practice the  skill (input)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) LESSON DELIVERED BY MS K ON 14/112011 FROM 10. 40am – 11. 20am I have chosen English lesson to observe and it is a teaching session of one period which is equivalent to 40 minutes Time| Record of Observation| 10. 40am – 10. 55am| Ms K entered the class and ordered them to sit on the floor in front of her. Then she did a recall session with them based on what they previously learnt, but I noticed student M was not paying attention as he was talking and singing to himself. Ms K read them a story titled ‘Secret’ from their Fitzroy book. The story is about a boy who cannot keep secrets and ends up destroying himself. Ms K told student M to be quite. However, he didn’t take notice, so, I decided to sit next to him on the floor. I was helping him to read the story step by step, as I am aware of his limited reading ability. However, he was not interested in reading, so I briefly explained about the story to him. I used examples and face expressions which engaged him and he even gave examples related to his experience. | 10. 55am – 11. 10am| After reading them the story, Ms K asked them to sit at their desks and wrote 5 questions on the whiteboard. All the students were required to copy the questions into their exercise book. Rather than, copying the questions, student M was busy doodling in his book. According to Shelley Vernon  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Kinaesthetic learners are often the students who just dont get what youre trying to teach in a traditional lecture or worksheet based lesson. Kinaesthetic learners take in information best when they use their whole bodies to complete practice exercises†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  (2008) Ms K tried her best to persuade him to copy the questions, but in vain. He did copy a few letters as Ms K observed him, but once she left, he continued drawing and started singing again. Ms K told him if he does it again she will complain to his mother. Instead of obeying her, he replied saying that his mother was scared of him and he had even hit his mother before. He also stated that his dad does not say anything to him. I helped him to spell the words so it would be easier for him to write. In order to gauge his level. I asked him to write down the alphabets. From the result, it was clear that student M (the name of the students is not written for the anonymity of the institution, students and staff) does not know all the alphabets, and if the letters he knew, he wrote some upside down. Eventually, he did copy the questions but did not answer them due to a shortage of time. | 11. 10am – 11. 20am| Next, Ms K asked them to sit again on the floor in front of her to go through the answer with them. She picked a few students to read out their answers. One of those was student M who surprisingly answered the question correctly. Ms K did correct a few students who answered wrongly. At the end of the period, Ms K collected all the books to be marked. | WHAT COULD I HAVE DONE TO SUPPORT THE LEARNERS As a TA I would never make my learners feel scared of me because this will cause them to not share their problems with me. I would also sit with them and guide them to do their work and if there is having any doubt, I will always be there to clear their confusion. However, I would make sure that the class environment is suitable with the needs of my learners such as I have decorated the class with more pictures as I know that my learners prefer to see rather than reading. According to Terry Farwell â€Å"Once students understand their learning styles, they can better adapt to their learning environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012). Since I know it is impossible to expect them to sit quietly for long and listen to something without experiencing it physically so it is better to give them tools and equipment to use in class. Rather than stopping them from moving, it is better to let their bodies build up through expression, enabling them to grow up into inspired individuals. WHAT I WOULD HAVE DONE AS A TEACHER Since I know that student M is a kinaesthetic learner, I would have created a lesson plan which involved more moving activity. According to Erin, â€Å"While some students can learn effectively through quiet study, others gain the most information through active learning activities. If you are charged with the task of teaching English to a kinaesthetic learner, you can increase the effectiveness of the lessons you offer by mixing movement into your learning activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) At the beginning of the lesson I would have read them the story then I asked them to do role play in 4 groups where every group had a peer guide to guide the weaker ones. This way, student M would have had the chance to show off his talent, move around and talk loudly as he loves to. Once they had performed their role play, I would have asked them to remain in their groups and called every group leader to come forward to choose a question. They are required to show their answer in the form of a picture or drawing. According to Elizabeth, she stated â€Å"†¦kinaesthetic learners sometimes process information such as class notes better by drawing pictures than by writing words. Kinaesthetic learners may need to draw models, write in different colours if taking text notes and use highlighters to help them concentrate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2011). Thus, this would give student M the opportunity to show his talent at drawing. Furthermore, this activity would not only have benefited student M; it will also benefit other students as well since they all love colouring. Finally, every group would present their drawing and explain their answer to the class. Elizabeth also stated that â€Å"Allow kinaesthetic learners to assess orally through simple answers, presentations, poems or songs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (2011) and I have to agree with her statements. Student M would learn the story twice and thus improve his thinking and imagining skills. I have also noticed that Ms K does not like any interruption when she is teaching even if students want to ask questions. If I were the teacher I would have given students the opportunity to ask questions, on condition that if they wish to ask a question they must first raise their hands and get permission. Ms K told me the reason she wants them to copy the questions is because she wants them to improve their writing and at the same time memorize the spelling. I feel it is a good practice but unfortunately it does not fit the learning style of student M. CONCLUSION I HAVE MADE I feel that as a teacher assistant (TA), it is my responsibility to make sure that every learner gains something from a lesson, since I believe that the teacher is busy and she cannot give individual attention to all 19 students. Overall, I believe that as a TA, I will help student M to develop his skills by guiding him during learning session. I will try to divide my time equally everyday to all my learners so that no one will be left out. Albert Einstein once stated that â€Å"†¦he felt it in his muscles, when he was thinking about something that later proved to be very significant. This heightened kinesthetic sense tells us that helping develop this kinesthetic sensitivity from an early age, instead of suppressing it, will help people turning out to be more creative individuals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2008) As a conclusion, I agree with Albert Einstein and I am also applying it in my role to support my learners. Furthermore, it is my responsibility to make sure my learners are in ease when the learning session is going on. REFERENCING Ducket, Ian. , (n. d) Effective Practice: Learning styles and their application for effective learning, Available at: http://www. itslifejimbutnotasweknowit. rg. uk/files/LearningStyles. pdf (date accessed: 05/01/2012) Farwell, Terry. , (2000 – 2012) Family Education: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic Learners, Available at: http://school. familyeducation. com/intelligence/teaching-methods/38519. html (date accessed: 09/01/2012) Glen, David. , (2009) Matching Teaching Style to Learning Style May Not Help Students, Available at: http://c hronicle. com/article/Matching-Teaching-Style-to/49497/ (date accessed: 03/01/2012) Guffanti, Stephen. , (2011) Learning Styles: What Does It Feels Like To Be A Kinesthetic Learner, Available at: http://www. howtolearn. om/2011/11/learning-styles-what-does-it-feel-like-to-be-a-kinesthetic-learner (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Hasan, (2008) ‘Understanding Kinesthetic Intelligence! ’ , Reaction Of Society, Available at: http://www. dirjournal. com/guides/understanding-kinesthetic-intelligence/ (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Murphy, Janine. , (2011) What Types of Communication Are Used in Teaching? , Available at: http://www. ehow. com/info_8420301_types-communications-used-teaching. html (date accessed: 25/12/2011) Schreiner, Erin. , (1999 – 2012) How to Teach English to Kinesthetic Learners, Available at: http://www. how. com/how_6914515_teach-english-kinesthetic-learners. html (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Stover, Elizabeth. , (2011) Adaptations for Kinesthetic Learners , Available at:: http://www. ehow. com/info_8718466_adaptations-kinesthetic-learners. html (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Vernon, Shelley. , (2006 – 2012) Teaching English Games: How to Teach English For Different Learning Styles, Available at: http://www. teachingenglishgames. com/Articles/Learning_Styles. htm (date accessed: 09/01/2012) TABLE OF CONTENT FOR TASK 2 No | Topic / Area| Page| 1. | Introduction| 14 | 2. | Learner’s Background| 15 | 3. How have I plan my lesson relate to my learners needs| 15 – 16 | 4. | Session plan for learning session of 120 minutes| 16 – 18 | 5. | How do I make sure that learning has take place| 19 | 6. | Evaluation of my lesson plan| 20 – 21 | 7. | Conclusion I have made| 21| 8. | Reference| 22 – 23 | 9| Appendix| 24 – 32 | TASK 2 Plan and deliver a lesson in a core subject for a group of mixed ability pupils, ensuring that all are able to access learning through the use of a range of teaching strategie s and resources. Include assessment opportunities and personalised provision as appropriate. Assess the learning that took place and evaluate the effectiveness of the planning and issues raised for consideration in future planning. The plan will form an appendix. The school’s preferred planning format can be used. INTRODUCTION This essay is about me, planning and delivering a Mathematics lesson for a group of mixed ability pupils for class PYP 1. PYP stands for Primary Year Programme. I have made sure that all my learners are able to access learning through the use of a range of teaching strategies and resources. I have also given them assessment to know their level of knowledge and how effective is my teaching towards them. As it is stated in the webpage of University of Western Australia â€Å"Assessment is that part of the learning process used to better understand the current knowledge that a student possesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anon. , 2001) I will rename my mentor as Ms R throughout the context. I have been assisting Ms R for 3 months and I have gained a lot of knowledgeable information from Ms R. I planned my lesson by not repeating the mistakes done by Ms R since I have been observing her for 3 months and I have learnt the face expression and how they react towards learning. LEARNERS BACKGROUND PYP 1 students are 5 years old to 7 years old and they are from mixed countries. There are 19 students in this class and they have well spoken English. Since I know the type of learners I am handling with which I realised they are mostly kinaesthetic and visual learners so I will conduct an activity that requires them to move around such as swapping their places with their friends. In addition, I will also choose the materials I am going to use according to my learners needs so that they will feel comfortable during my session and will concentrate on their learning. I have identified the needs of my learners by conducting a diagnostic meeting and also observing them in the class when they are learning. I realised that they prefer to talk rather than listening and most of my learners prefer to learn by doing a moving activity. Every morning I am instructed by Ms R to collect their work book, while arranging their books I will check it before I hand it to Ms R and I usually will have a short conversation about our learners every morning. According to Kimberly Olver, the meaning of diagnostic meeting is â€Å"†¦which is concerned with how well the students understand the concepts of a particular part of the curriculum†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) HOW HAVE I PLAN MY LESSON RELATE TO MY LEARNERS NEEDS I have designed learning activities relate the learner needs by using ‘match and stretch’ method so that all the students will have the opportunity to fulfil their needs since not all the students requires the same learning style. Such as I will have more of visual r and kinaesthetic style of learning since the majority of my learners prefer not to read or listen but I will also have short activity involving reading complying the needs of other learners. There will be group activity and single activity I plan so that I will know their abilities on the subject and get to know my learner needs better. As it is stated that, To ensure the greatest probability of learning, we must carefully select and arrange activities that will produce the desired learning outcomes in our students. Only through careful planning can we be certain that we include all necessary information and have our lesson plan properly organized to achieve the lesson objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anon. , n. d. ) The meaning of ‘match’ is when I comply with their needs of learning and the meaning of ‘stretch’ is when I go against their opposite needs. Such as, I give them quizzes using a projector and kinaesthetic learners will feel ‘stretch’ but will ‘match’ the visual learners. It is stated that â€Å"A learning stretch is defined as the demonstration of knowledge and research over and beyond previously learned material† (Anon. , n. d) There are quizzes (refer to appendix) and activity using projector. This will benefit the visual learners as they prefer to see pictures rather than reading. Furthermore, the worksheet that they will have to attempt requires them to move around. Such as, there will be 4 groups and each group will be located at a different area in the class and they have to swap places with another group in order to answer a new worksheet. SESSION PLAN FOR LEARNING SESSION OF 120 MINUTES Session title| Additions : two digit numbers with tens| Aim| To understand and able to solve mathematical addition involving two digit numbers by themselves| Learning objectives| By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to solve addition involving to two digit numbers in many kind of ways within 30 minutes| Plan Time| Teacher Activity| Learner Activity| Differentiation| Assessment| Materials / Resources| 5 minutes| Teacher recalls what is single and double digit is all about and provides a few examples for the students. Student listens to teacher and tries to understand. | I target prepared open and closed questions at students of my choice. This exercise will give me instant feedback on the quality of their previous lesson knowledge. | Discussion and Questionnaire| * Whiteboard * Marker | 5 minutes| Teacher asks students to come out and give example of addition that they have learnt previously and then teacher will choose a student to answer the question. | Student engages with teacher and other students when creating their own questions in front of the class. Students should be alert and prepare with answers because they might be the chosen one to solve the question. | Students will understand more when their peer provides examples and explain how to solve it because this will help the weaker students. | Discussion and Questionnaire| * Whiteboard * Marker | 5 minutes| Teacher divides the students into 4 groups consist of 5 people and every group has a peer guide. Teacher tells them that there are 3 worksheet and what each group is require to do and explain the instruction of the worksheets. They will be ask to finish each activity within 10 minutes. Students cooperate with the teacher by listening to her instruction and quietly move to the tables. | I choose the pairings based on which children I know can work together harmoniously. The seating arrangement is such that I can move freely between the pairs listening to their descriptions and evaluating their achievement. | Questionnaire | N/A| 30 minutes| Teacher shows where the needle of t he watch will be after 10 minutes and they have to stop doing and swap their place to another table where there is another sheet of question paper with a different type of question. Students view the clock on the wall while the teacher shows them when they should swap their places to proceed to the next activity. They start doing their worksheet in couples. | Record the achievement of each of my student, in particular who surprised me by being more or less able than I thought? | Group discussion and colouring the correct answer. | * Worksheet * Counters * Number cards * Number charts to 100 * Colour pencils| 10 minutes| Teacher collects the worksheets and asks the students to gather and ask them question based on what they have learnt. Students attempts to answer question given by teacher, based on their level of understanding from what student has learnt. | I will give them feedback on their worksheet which I have observed them doing so that they can improve themselves. | Discussio n and Questionnaire | * Whiteboard * Marker| 20 minutes| Teacher shows slides and examples of question and how to solve it. Teacher divides the students into 4 groups and starts a fun addition game with the students. | Students views slides shown by teacher. If unclear, students are supposed to ask teacher. Student engages with teacher and other students when playing the subtraction game. | I choose the pairings based on which children I know can work together harmoniously. The seating arrangement is such that I can move freely between the pairs listening to their descriptions and evaluating their achievement. | Discussion and Questionnaire. | * Projector * Google search * Questions on quizzes(www. mathsisfun. com)| HOW DO I MAKE SURE THAT LEARNING HAS TAKE PLACE In order for me to succeed in making my learners to learn, I would need the learners to be reflectors. As it is stated in the webpage of Campaign For Learning â€Å"Reflectors like to stand back and look at a situation from different perspectives. They like to collect data and think about it carefully before coming to any conclusions. They enjoy observing others and will listen to their views before offering their own† (Anon. , n. d) I would need them to reflect onto anything that they do not understand so that I will be able to help them. On the other hand, the students should also be good communicators. As they are many activities planned, I am hoping for the students to also engage well in all activities. According to Penelope Eckert â€Å"†¦engaged learning occurs when people appropriate the learning process in the service of their goals as individuals and as members of society † (n. d) To ensure that the element of active learning which are talking and listening, writing, reading, and reflecting has taken place, I will do summative assessment with them such as quiz and questionnaire based on what I have taught them. At the end, I will conclude what they have learnt since I know their level of knowledge since I have asked them questions before I start my lesson. As it stated in the webpage of University of Michigan, the meaning of active learning is define as â€Å"†¦a process whereby students engage in activities, such as reading, writing, discussion, or problem solving that promote analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of class content†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (n. d). EVALUATION OF MY LESSON PLAN First and foremost, I will self-evaluate myself after I have delivered my lesson. I will also need the help of my learners and Ms R since she is the mentor. I completed a session with my learner’s form where I obtained oral feedback from them. I asked them a few questions to complete the session. As for my Ms R, I would evaluate my lesson after she completes the observation reports and also some oral feedback. I had one-to-one session with Ms R to improve myself as a teacher and I believe that Ms R has given me a lot of beneficial advice. As it is stated that evaluation can be in the form of, â€Å"Formal and informal†¦formal evaluation done after instruction-testing-confirms whether the teacher and students have successfully accomplished the objectives, but its results often come too late to do the students much good†¦. Informal evaluation done during instruction is often the most useful and influential type. † (Anon. , n. d) I agree with the statement. I should always consider three levels of evaluation which is: * How did my learners react to the activity? * What did my learners learn from the activity? * How are my learners performing their role differently? Evaluation procedures must obtain valuable information, whilst being as unobtrusive to the flow of my learners as possible. I faced minor problems while delivering my lesson as I am very new to teaching. One of the problems I faced was giving instruction. According to Susana Maria Li Ruso â€Å"It is essential for teachers to develop an awareness of the importance of clear oral instructions for good class management. † (2002-2003) Ms R told me that I should learn to give a simple instruction since my learners are very young so I have taken her advice and try to improve myself in future. I have attached my observation of feedback, observation of review and observation report done by Ms R as appendix. CONCLUSION I HAVE MADE Since I am trying my best to improve myself as teacher, I would always learn from mistakes that I have made and other teacher’s mistakes that I have been observing. I believe there is always space for improvement so I will never let anything to put me down as teacher to support my learners. Moreover, as a TA who fosters positive relationships with their students create classroom environments more conducive to learning and meet students’ developmental, emotional and academic needs. Such as, my learners will always confront me if they have any problem at home or at school. As it is stated in the webpage of American Psychological Association,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"If a student feels a personal connection to a teacher, experiences frequent communication with a teacher, and receives more guidance and praise than criticism from the teacher, then the student is likely to become more trustful of that teacher, show more engagement in the academic content presented, display better classroom behavior, and achieve at higher levels academically. Positive teacher-student relationships draw students into the process of learning and promote their desire to learn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012). REFERENCING American Psychological Association (2012) Improving Students Relationships with Teachers to Provide Essential Support for Learning, Available at: http://www. apa. org/education/k12/relationships. aspx, (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Arthur, F. (n. d) University Of Michigan: Teaching Strategies: Active Learning, Available at: http://www. crlt. umich. edu/tstrategies/tsal. php, (date accessed: 10/01/2011) Campaign For Learning (n. d) Reflectors, Available at: http://www. campaign-for-learning. org. uk/cfl/yourlearning/whatlearner/reflector. asp (date accessed: 11/01/2012) Eckert, Penelope. (n. d: 6), The School of Engaged Learners: Students Are Engaged Learners, Available at: http://www. stanford. edu/~eckert/PDF/SasCEL. pdf, (date accessed: 11/01/2012) EGHS Senior Project, (n. d) What is a Learning Stretch? Available at: https://sites. google. com/site/eghsseniorproject/what-is-a-learning-stretch (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Evaluation (n. d) Evaluation, Available at: http://linguistics. byu. edu/faculty/henrichsenl/lessonplanning/lp_14. html, (date accessed: 07/01/2012) Homeport Training Norfolk, Virginia (n. d) Developing The Lesson Plan: The Importance of a Lesson Plan, Available at: http://www. mysdcc. sdccd. edu/Norfolk_Homeport_Training/Instructor_Info/Importance_of_a_Lesson_Plan. htm (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Liruso, Susana Maria (2002 – 2003) ‘Giving Oral Feedback to EFL Young Learners’ Abstract, pp. 38, Available at: http://www. encuentrojournal. org/textos/13. 13. pdf, (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Olver, Kimberly. , (2012) Article for Teachers: Class Meetings, Available at: http://www. eslteachersboard. com/cgi-bin/articles/index. pl? page=3;read=3554 (date accessed: 09/01/2012) University of Western Australia (2001) Outcomes Based Education and Assessment at UWA, Available at: http://www. catl. uwa. edu. au/__data/page/77897/OBE_and_Assessment. pdf (date accessed: 08/01/20 12) Learning and Teaching Essay Example Learning and Teaching Essay TASK 1 A critical analysis of an individual child’s observed learning behaviour during a teaching session and analysis of the implications for their further learning and their support needs (i. e. the TA’s possible role in supporting and developing further learning) (1500 words) INTRODUCTION This essay is about how I, as a teaching assistant (TA), develop my understanding of how my learners learn and develop. I will rename the teacher as Ms K and the students as student M throughout the context. I have been assisting Ms K in Year 2C class for 3 months. The subject of the observation is student M from Iran, whose learning I analysed during a 40 minutes English lesson. I have known the student for 3 months, and as treats me like a friend, is honest and open with me. He discusses his favourite movies, toys, games and even confides in me. I have noticed that he is loquacious and as I give him more time, he has a closer relationship with me as compared to Ms K. I tend to spend my time with my learners during breaks. I have never experienced problem communicating with student M as he is able to speak good English, although he sometimes struggles with reading and writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Learning and Teaching specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Janine Murphy ‘A teacher must be flexible and observant†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (2011), so as a TA, I feel I should be more observant of the strengths, interests and learning needs of my learners. STUDENT M’s BACKGROUND Student M is from Iran and is 8 years old. He is slightly overweight and one of the tallest in the class. He does not like to sit at the same place for a long time and he prefers waking around the class and dancing. I often see him bullying his friends, pushing them break, hitting them whenever he likes and also annoying them by singing loudly in class. He is quite sensitive when someone scolds him, but he never cries. He communicates well with other students and teachers. Moreover, he enjoys Physical Education (PE) and Dance most, as he gets to be more active and he works finely in group activities. He seems to hate English and this is maybe due to the way Ms K delivers her lessons which may not be able to conducive to his kinaesthetic learning style. The majority of the students in 2C class also seem to have a kinaesthetic style. According to David Glen â€Å"Almost certainly, you were told that your instruction should match your students learning styles†¦Now four psychologists argue that you were told wrong. There is no strong scientific evidence to support the â€Å"matching† idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2009) I totally do not agree with that statement because I feel that by complying the needs of a learner will actually make them more interested to learn something rather than just wasting time in a place where they do not like. There are for 4 aspects I have observed, learning style: 1. Personality and Learning style 2. Experience and interest 3. Stage of development 4. Abilities DEFINATION OF KINAESTHETIC We keep hearing things like, â€Å"My mind works better when I’m doing something physical, like running or walking. â€Å"I like spending all my free time in the open air. † â€Å"I enjoy working with my hands. † All these form kinaesthetic intelligence. According to Ian Ducket â€Å"Kinaesthetic learners usually tend to remember things that they do and experience and may tend to tap their pencil or pen during a lesson†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (n. d) As a TA I would try my best to make sure my learners will experience a perfect learning environment with suitable resources used to help them to understand more effectively. According to learning specialist,  Pat Wyman, M. A. , concept †¦is the importance of matching input and  output in teaching. For example, it  may be obvious to  anyone that a child cannot acquire the skill of swimming  (output) by reading  about it in a book. He has to get in the water and practice the  skill (input)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) LESSON DELIVERED BY MS K ON 14/112011 FROM 10. 40am – 11. 20am I have chosen English lesson to observe and it is a teaching session of one period which is equivalent to 40 minutes Time| Record of Observation| 10. 40am – 10. 55am| Ms K entered the class and ordered them to sit on the floor in front of her. Then she did a recall session with them based on what they previously learnt, but I noticed student M was not paying attention as he was talking and singing to himself. Ms K read them a story titled ‘Secret’ from their Fitzroy book. The story is about a boy who cannot keep secrets and ends up destroying himself. Ms K told student M to be quite. However, he didn’t take notice, so, I decided to sit next to him on the floor. I was helping him to read the story step by step, as I am aware of his limited reading ability. However, he was not interested in reading, so I briefly explained about the story to him. I used examples and face expressions which engaged him and he even gave examples related to his experience. | 10. 55am – 11. 10am| After reading them the story, Ms K asked them to sit at their desks and wrote 5 questions on the whiteboard. All the students were required to copy the questions into their exercise book. Rather than, copying the questions, student M was busy doodling in his book. According to Shelley Vernon  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Kinaesthetic learners are often the students who just dont get what youre trying to teach in a traditional lecture or worksheet based lesson. Kinaesthetic learners take in information best when they use their whole bodies to complete practice exercises†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  (2008) Ms K tried her best to persuade him to copy the questions, but in vain. He did copy a few letters as Ms K observed him, but once she left, he continued drawing and started singing again. Ms K told him if he does it again she will complain to his mother. Instead of obeying her, he replied saying that his mother was scared of him and he had even hit his mother before. He also stated that his dad does not say anything to him. I helped him to spell the words so it would be easier for him to write. In order to gauge his level. I asked him to write down the alphabets. From the result, it was clear that student M (the name of the students is not written for the anonymity of the institution, students and staff) does not know all the alphabets, and if the letters he knew, he wrote some upside down. Eventually, he did copy the questions but did not answer them due to a shortage of time. | 11. 10am – 11. 20am| Next, Ms K asked them to sit again on the floor in front of her to go through the answer with them. She picked a few students to read out their answers. One of those was student M who surprisingly answered the question correctly. Ms K did correct a few students who answered wrongly. At the end of the period, Ms K collected all the books to be marked. | WHAT COULD I HAVE DONE TO SUPPORT THE LEARNERS As a TA I would never make my learners feel scared of me because this will cause them to not share their problems with me. I would also sit with them and guide them to do their work and if there is having any doubt, I will always be there to clear their confusion. However, I would make sure that the class environment is suitable with the needs of my learners such as I have decorated the class with more pictures as I know that my learners prefer to see rather than reading. According to Terry Farwell â€Å"Once students understand their learning styles, they can better adapt to their learning environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012). Since I know it is impossible to expect them to sit quietly for long and listen to something without experiencing it physically so it is better to give them tools and equipment to use in class. Rather than stopping them from moving, it is better to let their bodies build up through expression, enabling them to grow up into inspired individuals. WHAT I WOULD HAVE DONE AS A TEACHER Since I know that student M is a kinaesthetic learner, I would have created a lesson plan which involved more moving activity. According to Erin, â€Å"While some students can learn effectively through quiet study, others gain the most information through active learning activities. If you are charged with the task of teaching English to a kinaesthetic learner, you can increase the effectiveness of the lessons you offer by mixing movement into your learning activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) At the beginning of the lesson I would have read them the story then I asked them to do role play in 4 groups where every group had a peer guide to guide the weaker ones. This way, student M would have had the chance to show off his talent, move around and talk loudly as he loves to. Once they had performed their role play, I would have asked them to remain in their groups and called every group leader to come forward to choose a question. They are required to show their answer in the form of a picture or drawing. According to Elizabeth, she stated â€Å"†¦kinaesthetic learners sometimes process information such as class notes better by drawing pictures than by writing words. Kinaesthetic learners may need to draw models, write in different colours if taking text notes and use highlighters to help them concentrate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2011). Thus, this would give student M the opportunity to show his talent at drawing. Furthermore, this activity would not only have benefited student M; it will also benefit other students as well since they all love colouring. Finally, every group would present their drawing and explain their answer to the class. Elizabeth also stated that â€Å"Allow kinaesthetic learners to assess orally through simple answers, presentations, poems or songs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (2011) and I have to agree with her statements. Student M would learn the story twice and thus improve his thinking and imagining skills. I have also noticed that Ms K does not like any interruption when she is teaching even if students want to ask questions. If I were the teacher I would have given students the opportunity to ask questions, on condition that if they wish to ask a question they must first raise their hands and get permission. Ms K told me the reason she wants them to copy the questions is because she wants them to improve their writing and at the same time memorize the spelling. I feel it is a good practice but unfortunately it does not fit the learning style of student M. CONCLUSION I HAVE MADE I feel that as a teacher assistant (TA), it is my responsibility to make sure that every learner gains something from a lesson, since I believe that the teacher is busy and she cannot give individual attention to all 19 students. Overall, I believe that as a TA, I will help student M to develop his skills by guiding him during learning session. I will try to divide my time equally everyday to all my learners so that no one will be left out. Albert Einstein once stated that â€Å"†¦he felt it in his muscles, when he was thinking about something that later proved to be very significant. This heightened kinesthetic sense tells us that helping develop this kinesthetic sensitivity from an early age, instead of suppressing it, will help people turning out to be more creative individuals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2008) As a conclusion, I agree with Albert Einstein and I am also applying it in my role to support my learners. Furthermore, it is my responsibility to make sure my learners are in ease when the learning session is going on. REFERENCING Ducket, Ian. , (n. d) Effective Practice: Learning styles and their application for effective learning, Available at: http://www. itslifejimbutnotasweknowit. rg. uk/files/LearningStyles. pdf (date accessed: 05/01/2012) Farwell, Terry. , (2000 – 2012) Family Education: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic Learners, Available at: http://school. familyeducation. com/intelligence/teaching-methods/38519. html (date accessed: 09/01/2012) Glen, David. , (2009) Matching Teaching Style to Learning Style May Not Help Students, Available at: http://c hronicle. com/article/Matching-Teaching-Style-to/49497/ (date accessed: 03/01/2012) Guffanti, Stephen. , (2011) Learning Styles: What Does It Feels Like To Be A Kinesthetic Learner, Available at: http://www. howtolearn. om/2011/11/learning-styles-what-does-it-feel-like-to-be-a-kinesthetic-learner (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Hasan, (2008) ‘Understanding Kinesthetic Intelligence! ’ , Reaction Of Society, Available at: http://www. dirjournal. com/guides/understanding-kinesthetic-intelligence/ (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Murphy, Janine. , (2011) What Types of Communication Are Used in Teaching? , Available at: http://www. ehow. com/info_8420301_types-communications-used-teaching. html (date accessed: 25/12/2011) Schreiner, Erin. , (1999 – 2012) How to Teach English to Kinesthetic Learners, Available at: http://www. how. com/how_6914515_teach-english-kinesthetic-learners. html (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Stover, Elizabeth. , (2011) Adaptations for Kinesthetic Learners , Available at:: http://www. ehow. com/info_8718466_adaptations-kinesthetic-learners. html (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Vernon, Shelley. , (2006 – 2012) Teaching English Games: How to Teach English For Different Learning Styles, Available at: http://www. teachingenglishgames. com/Articles/Learning_Styles. htm (date accessed: 09/01/2012) TABLE OF CONTENT FOR TASK 2 No | Topic / Area| Page| 1. | Introduction| 14 | 2. | Learner’s Background| 15 | 3. How have I plan my lesson relate to my learners needs| 15 – 16 | 4. | Session plan for learning session of 120 minutes| 16 – 18 | 5. | How do I make sure that learning has take place| 19 | 6. | Evaluation of my lesson plan| 20 – 21 | 7. | Conclusion I have made| 21| 8. | Reference| 22 – 23 | 9| Appendix| 24 – 32 | TASK 2 Plan and deliver a lesson in a core subject for a group of mixed ability pupils, ensuring that all are able to access learning through the use of a range of teaching strategie s and resources. Include assessment opportunities and personalised provision as appropriate. Assess the learning that took place and evaluate the effectiveness of the planning and issues raised for consideration in future planning. The plan will form an appendix. The school’s preferred planning format can be used. INTRODUCTION This essay is about me, planning and delivering a Mathematics lesson for a group of mixed ability pupils for class PYP 1. PYP stands for Primary Year Programme. I have made sure that all my learners are able to access learning through the use of a range of teaching strategies and resources. I have also given them assessment to know their level of knowledge and how effective is my teaching towards them. As it is stated in the webpage of University of Western Australia â€Å"Assessment is that part of the learning process used to better understand the current knowledge that a student possesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anon. , 2001) I will rename my mentor as Ms R throughout the context. I have been assisting Ms R for 3 months and I have gained a lot of knowledgeable information from Ms R. I planned my lesson by not repeating the mistakes done by Ms R since I have been observing her for 3 months and I have learnt the face expression and how they react towards learning. LEARNERS BACKGROUND PYP 1 students are 5 years old to 7 years old and they are from mixed countries. There are 19 students in this class and they have well spoken English. Since I know the type of learners I am handling with which I realised they are mostly kinaesthetic and visual learners so I will conduct an activity that requires them to move around such as swapping their places with their friends. In addition, I will also choose the materials I am going to use according to my learners needs so that they will feel comfortable during my session and will concentrate on their learning. I have identified the needs of my learners by conducting a diagnostic meeting and also observing them in the class when they are learning. I realised that they prefer to talk rather than listening and most of my learners prefer to learn by doing a moving activity. Every morning I am instructed by Ms R to collect their work book, while arranging their books I will check it before I hand it to Ms R and I usually will have a short conversation about our learners every morning. According to Kimberly Olver, the meaning of diagnostic meeting is â€Å"†¦which is concerned with how well the students understand the concepts of a particular part of the curriculum†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) HOW HAVE I PLAN MY LESSON RELATE TO MY LEARNERS NEEDS I have designed learning activities relate the learner needs by using ‘match and stretch’ method so that all the students will have the opportunity to fulfil their needs since not all the students requires the same learning style. Such as I will have more of visual r and kinaesthetic style of learning since the majority of my learners prefer not to read or listen but I will also have short activity involving reading complying the needs of other learners. There will be group activity and single activity I plan so that I will know their abilities on the subject and get to know my learner needs better. As it is stated that, To ensure the greatest probability of learning, we must carefully select and arrange activities that will produce the desired learning outcomes in our students. Only through careful planning can we be certain that we include all necessary information and have our lesson plan properly organized to achieve the lesson objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anon. , n. d. ) The meaning of ‘match’ is when I comply with their needs of learning and the meaning of ‘stretch’ is when I go against their opposite needs. Such as, I give them quizzes using a projector and kinaesthetic learners will feel ‘stretch’ but will ‘match’ the visual learners. It is stated that â€Å"A learning stretch is defined as the demonstration of knowledge and research over and beyond previously learned material† (Anon. , n. d) There are quizzes (refer to appendix) and activity using projector. This will benefit the visual learners as they prefer to see pictures rather than reading. Furthermore, the worksheet that they will have to attempt requires them to move around. Such as, there will be 4 groups and each group will be located at a different area in the class and they have to swap places with another group in order to answer a new worksheet. SESSION PLAN FOR LEARNING SESSION OF 120 MINUTES Session title| Additions : two digit numbers with tens| Aim| To understand and able to solve mathematical addition involving two digit numbers by themselves| Learning objectives| By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to solve addition involving to two digit numbers in many kind of ways within 30 minutes| Plan Time| Teacher Activity| Learner Activity| Differentiation| Assessment| Materials / Resources| 5 minutes| Teacher recalls what is single and double digit is all about and provides a few examples for the students. Student listens to teacher and tries to understand. | I target prepared open and closed questions at students of my choice. This exercise will give me instant feedback on the quality of their previous lesson knowledge. | Discussion and Questionnaire| * Whiteboard * Marker | 5 minutes| Teacher asks students to come out and give example of addition that they have learnt previously and then teacher will choose a student to answer the question. | Student engages with teacher and other students when creating their own questions in front of the class. Students should be alert and prepare with answers because they might be the chosen one to solve the question. | Students will understand more when their peer provides examples and explain how to solve it because this will help the weaker students. | Discussion and Questionnaire| * Whiteboard * Marker | 5 minutes| Teacher divides the students into 4 groups consist of 5 people and every group has a peer guide. Teacher tells them that there are 3 worksheet and what each group is require to do and explain the instruction of the worksheets. They will be ask to finish each activity within 10 minutes. Students cooperate with the teacher by listening to her instruction and quietly move to the tables. | I choose the pairings based on which children I know can work together harmoniously. The seating arrangement is such that I can move freely between the pairs listening to their descriptions and evaluating their achievement. | Questionnaire | N/A| 30 minutes| Teacher shows where the needle of t he watch will be after 10 minutes and they have to stop doing and swap their place to another table where there is another sheet of question paper with a different type of question. Students view the clock on the wall while the teacher shows them when they should swap their places to proceed to the next activity. They start doing their worksheet in couples. | Record the achievement of each of my student, in particular who surprised me by being more or less able than I thought? | Group discussion and colouring the correct answer. | * Worksheet * Counters * Number cards * Number charts to 100 * Colour pencils| 10 minutes| Teacher collects the worksheets and asks the students to gather and ask them question based on what they have learnt. Students attempts to answer question given by teacher, based on their level of understanding from what student has learnt. | I will give them feedback on their worksheet which I have observed them doing so that they can improve themselves. | Discussio n and Questionnaire | * Whiteboard * Marker| 20 minutes| Teacher shows slides and examples of question and how to solve it. Teacher divides the students into 4 groups and starts a fun addition game with the students. | Students views slides shown by teacher. If unclear, students are supposed to ask teacher. Student engages with teacher and other students when playing the subtraction game. | I choose the pairings based on which children I know can work together harmoniously. The seating arrangement is such that I can move freely between the pairs listening to their descriptions and evaluating their achievement. | Discussion and Questionnaire. | * Projector * Google search * Questions on quizzes(www. mathsisfun. com)| HOW DO I MAKE SURE THAT LEARNING HAS TAKE PLACE In order for me to succeed in making my learners to learn, I would need the learners to be reflectors. As it is stated in the webpage of Campaign For Learning â€Å"Reflectors like to stand back and look at a situation from different perspectives. They like to collect data and think about it carefully before coming to any conclusions. They enjoy observing others and will listen to their views before offering their own† (Anon. , n. d) I would need them to reflect onto anything that they do not understand so that I will be able to help them. On the other hand, the students should also be good communicators. As they are many activities planned, I am hoping for the students to also engage well in all activities. According to Penelope Eckert â€Å"†¦engaged learning occurs when people appropriate the learning process in the service of their goals as individuals and as members of society † (n. d) To ensure that the element of active learning which are talking and listening, writing, reading, and reflecting has taken place, I will do summative assessment with them such as quiz and questionnaire based on what I have taught them. At the end, I will conclude what they have learnt since I know their level of knowledge since I have asked them questions before I start my lesson. As it stated in the webpage of University of Michigan, the meaning of active learning is define as â€Å"†¦a process whereby students engage in activities, such as reading, writing, discussion, or problem solving that promote analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of class content†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (n. d). EVALUATION OF MY LESSON PLAN First and foremost, I will self-evaluate myself after I have delivered my lesson. I will also need the help of my learners and Ms R since she is the mentor. I completed a session with my learner’s form where I obtained oral feedback from them. I asked them a few questions to complete the session. As for my Ms R, I would evaluate my lesson after she completes the observation reports and also some oral feedback. I had one-to-one session with Ms R to improve myself as a teacher and I believe that Ms R has given me a lot of beneficial advice. As it is stated that evaluation can be in the form of, â€Å"Formal and informal†¦formal evaluation done after instruction-testing-confirms whether the teacher and students have successfully accomplished the objectives, but its results often come too late to do the students much good†¦. Informal evaluation done during instruction is often the most useful and influential type. † (Anon. , n. d) I agree with the statement. I should always consider three levels of evaluation which is: * How did my learners react to the activity? * What did my learners learn from the activity? * How are my learners performing their role differently? Evaluation procedures must obtain valuable information, whilst being as unobtrusive to the flow of my learners as possible. I faced minor problems while delivering my lesson as I am very new to teaching. One of the problems I faced was giving instruction. According to Susana Maria Li Ruso â€Å"It is essential for teachers to develop an awareness of the importance of clear oral instructions for good class management. † (2002-2003) Ms R told me that I should learn to give a simple instruction since my learners are very young so I have taken her advice and try to improve myself in future. I have attached my observation of feedback, observation of review and observation report done by Ms R as appendix. CONCLUSION I HAVE MADE Since I am trying my best to improve myself as teacher, I would always learn from mistakes that I have made and other teacher’s mistakes that I have been observing. I believe there is always space for improvement so I will never let anything to put me down as teacher to support my learners. Moreover, as a TA who fosters positive relationships with their students create classroom environments more conducive to learning and meet students’ developmental, emotional and academic needs. Such as, my learners will always confront me if they have any problem at home or at school. As it is stated in the webpage of American Psychological Association,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"If a student feels a personal connection to a teacher, experiences frequent communication with a teacher, and receives more guidance and praise than criticism from the teacher, then the student is likely to become more trustful of that teacher, show more engagement in the academic content presented, display better classroom behavior, and achieve at higher levels academically. Positive teacher-student relationships draw students into the process of learning and promote their desire to learn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012). REFERENCING American Psychological Association (2012) Improving Students Relationships with Teachers to Provide Essential Support for Learning, Available at: http://www. apa. org/education/k12/relationships. aspx, (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Arthur, F. (n. d) University Of Michigan: Teaching Strategies: Active Learning, Available at: http://www. crlt. umich. edu/tstrategies/tsal. php, (date accessed: 10/01/2011) Campaign For Learning (n. d) Reflectors, Available at: http://www. campaign-for-learning. org. uk/cfl/yourlearning/whatlearner/reflector. asp (date accessed: 11/01/2012) Eckert, Penelope. (n. d: 6), The School of Engaged Learners: Students Are Engaged Learners, Available at: http://www. stanford. edu/~eckert/PDF/SasCEL. pdf, (date accessed: 11/01/2012) EGHS Senior Project, (n. d) What is a Learning Stretch? Available at: https://sites. google. com/site/eghsseniorproject/what-is-a-learning-stretch (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Evaluation (n. d) Evaluation, Available at: http://linguistics. byu. edu/faculty/henrichsenl/lessonplanning/lp_14. html, (date accessed: 07/01/2012) Homeport Training Norfolk, Virginia (n. d) Developing The Lesson Plan: The Importance of a Lesson Plan, Available at: http://www. mysdcc. sdccd. edu/Norfolk_Homeport_Training/Instructor_Info/Importance_of_a_Lesson_Plan. htm (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Liruso, Susana Maria (2002 – 2003) ‘Giving Oral Feedback to EFL Young Learners’ Abstract, pp. 38, Available at: http://www. encuentrojournal. org/textos/13. 13. pdf, (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Olver, Kimberly. , (2012) Article for Teachers: Class Meetings, Available at: http://www. eslteachersboard. com/cgi-bin/articles/index. pl? page=3;read=3554 (date accessed: 09/01/2012) University of Western Australia (2001) Outcomes Based Education and Assessment at UWA, Available at: http://www. catl. uwa. edu. au/__data/page/77897/OBE_and_Assessment. pdf (date accessed: 08/01/20 12)

Goodfellas Essays - Lucchese Crime Family, The Vario Crew

Goodfellas Essays - Lucchese Crime Family, The Vario Crew Goodfellas Goodfellas The 1990 Martin Scorseses motion picture Goodfellas, is a classic movie about the world of organized crime. Goodfellas is based on the Nicolas Pileggi novel WISE GUY. The film starts off in New York City in the 1950s, and is on the life of a poor Irish-Italian named Henry Hill. Hill is an aspiring criminal who threw the movie, rises threw ranks of his Brooklyn neighborhoods organized crime branch, and has Henry and his family living the good life with his profits from his criminal activity, finally Henry is forced to testify against his former partners and lands Henry and his family in the FBIs Witness protection program. In his teen age years Henry starts working in a local hangout for wise guys (members of organized crime). At first Henry is put to work, parking cars and little odd jobs for the wise guys. After a few years things escalate into more involvement for Henry like working in an underground gamboling ring, running messages, Torching cars, and to selling stolen cigarettes. Most of his current activity is a classified as a misdemeanor, or a public order crime. When Henry ends up getting arrested, and after a light slap on the wrists, Henry earns much trust and respect and starts off on his life of crime. In his early 20s Henry and his partners, Tommy, and Jimmy set up different jobs Crowell 2 to improve there financial gain, social status and if not more importantly respect, from other individuals involved organized crime. The three ran jobs like robbing cargo trucks filled with goods from fur coats, to cigarettes, and even occasionally a shipment of shrimp and lobsters. These goods are sold illegally on the black Market for a fraction of their original costs. These criminal activity starts to enhance as time moves on, with public official and police payoffs, crimes are put on the bottom of the pile or never investigated. Along with the intimidation of witnesss and the common fear of two-timing organized and never being herd from again members of organized crime usually escape the long arm of the law. Henrys first big score was a robbery of an over seas bank exchange from the Air France loading dock with the help of Tommy and the head security guard jimmy just walked out with a suit case of almost 250,000 dollars, After this Henry earns respect as a big time wise guy. With time Henry, Tommy, and Jimmy move on to more serious crimes like Major shakedowns of business for protection and skimming a popular restaurant by unloading goods like liquor out the back door and selling them for a fraction of the price, but it was not a loss because no one was going to pay for it when the restaurant barrowed every last dime they torched the place. This was an insurance fraud crime and Arson witch are both serious felonies. When members of organized need to keep someone quiet they take care of it by making the person disappear, In the film this usually entailed a six foot pit up state. Henry, Tommy and, Jimmy took many trips up state during the course of the movie. Hits were not an uncommon thing in the movie, like when Jimmy pulled off one of the Crowell 3 biggest robberys in u.s. history he killed everyone involved. In most crimes vehicles are stolen to be used in illegal dealings so no one could trace a car back to the person who committed the crime. After the criminal activity was over the car was torched or driven into the river. When Jimmy made his big score, the get away driver got drunk and forgot to dump the car, this is when people started disappearing. On a failed robbery Henry and Jimmy were pinched (arrested) on federal charges and given Ten years in a federal prison. When Henry went to prison he stated paying off the guards to look the other way so he could sell narcotics to other inmates, and live a decent life behind bars. Henry did not live with the prison population he lived in a private cell with other mafia figures in prison on different charges, they received many privileges like being able

Domestic Violence Against Women In 2010 Has A Greater Affect Than It Dissertation

Domestic Violence Against Women In 2010 Has A Greater Affect Than It Did 50 years ago - Dissertation Example The research is intended to reflect more meaning than might be found through quantitative research with deeper meanings emerging through conversational style interviews with five participants. The participant pool consisted of three women and two men who had been involved in male violence upon female victims. Through these interviews, an understanding of the discourse about the topic emerged. The topic has been examined through a literature review of relevant secondary resources and through primary research of five interviews that were collated into case studies to provide context for emerging themes. In looking at the previous research and the case studies, the concepts that are within the public discourse emerge and become a framework in which to understand why violence against women is perpetuated and has not come to its end. Acknowledgements Table of Contents Abstract Acknowledgements Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Theoretical Frameworks 1.3 Research Questio ns 1.4 Hypotheses 2. Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Fifty Years Ago 2.2.1 Feminism 2.2.2 Violence 2.3 Media 2.4 Public Discourse 3. Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Secondary Research 3.3 Primary Research 3.3.1 Participants 3.3.2 Ethics 3.5 Summary 4. Findings and Discussion 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Case Study # 1: Female 4.3 Case Study # 2: Female 4.4 Case Study # 3: Female 4.5 Case Study # 4: Male 4.6 Case Study # 5: Male 4.7 Summary 5.0 Conclusion References Appendices List of Appendices Appendix 1: Questions for Interviews Appendix 2: Contextual Frameworks: Potency vs. Width Domestic Violence Against Women In 2010 Has A Greater Affect Than It Did 50 years ago Chapter One 1. Introduction 1.1 Background The nature of gender relations have changed dramatically in the last fifty years which has framed the dialogue about violence against women in a different context than it was considered in previous time periods. The state of the female status has evolved from a sense of propert y to a sense of autonomy, the objectification of femaleness made subjective, part of the public sphere and relevant to all aspects of life. In being subjective, the nature of the female present is many things, her situated presence manifesting a number of roles that are both defined by the concept of female, and some by the concept of human. More rarely, she is a the subject of a male identity, her presence part of the discourse of gender role identification that are now virtually all interchangeable. However, this has not discounted the vulnerability of being female, her sex providing a violent access that males are not as vulnerable to in the context of domestic life. The domination of the male, his need to express his maleness through subjugating others in the domestic sphere, has led to violent outbursts that intend to define that dominance. When no other recourse seems available, some men will reduce their ability to convince into an action of violence, manifesting their domina nce through pain and oppression. Threat of further action brings the female into line, her life reduced to self-protection and in protecting other aspects of their life including children, reputation, and the appearance of tranquility. The postmodernists view male violence towards women through looking at the way in which gender divisions have been determined by linguistically framed, the language of violence encouraging aggression attitudes. The emphasis on typical language where power relationships are

Black Scholars and The Thirteenth Amendment Essay

Black Scholars and The Thirteenth Amendment - Essay Example Despite the fact that blacks faced harsh discrimination and mistreatment by the dominant culture, especially during the nineteenth century and during the early part of the twentieth century, there were a select few who did not allow such treatment to stop them from making something of themselves. Some even pursued higher education and became scholars. The interpretation of the thirteenth amendment by black scholars has changed over the past three centuries, as it has held different meaning depending upon the time period in which the scholars lived. One notable black scholar of the nineteenth century was Daniel Alexander Payne. Pain was born in Charleston South Carolina in 1811 to two free parents. Unfortunately, his father passed when he was four, and his mother followed five years later, leaving him to be raised by his great aunt for the remainder of his childhood. Pain was not left to chance, however, because his aunt saw to it that he would become a well accomplished man, despite the opposition that people of his time faced by the dominant culture and their efforts to marginalize blacks. Payne attended school for two years, and then he studied with Thomas S. Bunneau, who was his private tutor until the age of twelve, when he began working for a shoe merchant. Payne held two additional jobs after working for the shoe merchant—working in the field of carpentry at the age of thirteen and then as a Taylor—which then led to him opening up a school for black children at the age of nineteen. Unfortunately, an amendmen t to the act that was in relation to slaves and free people of color was passed, and this led to the closing of the school (Taylor). Upon closing his school, Payne went north, determined to make something of himself. While in Gettysburg PA, he studied at the Lutheran seminary. Then, in 1837, he joined the Lutheran church, where he became an ordained minister. When Payne was ordained, he delivered a speech that spoke of how slave was a form of brutality and that it had to be abolished. During his time at the Lutheran church, Payne reopened a school for black children in 1840, picking up where he had left off in South Carolina before he had to move north. He remained with the Lutheran church for two more years, and then he joined the AMME church, where he helped to better their ministry, as well as the programs that dealt with foreign affairs. It was also at this church where he set up a program that aided runaway slaves, providing them with food and shelter along their journey to Canada, where they would be free of forced servitude (Taylor). While he was successful in the north, he knew that he had to go back down south to finish where he had left off. When the 13th amendment was passed and ratified in 1865, he felt that it was possible to do such things, since there were no longer any restrictions on people of color, and this Constitutional amendment overthrew the earlier bill that was amended, which